South African Class 6C 4-6-0

OVGS 6th Class L2 4-6-0
CSAR Class 6-L2 4-6-0
South African Class 6C 4-6-0

300px OVGS 6th Class L2 no. 88, CSAR Class 6-L2 no. 364, SAR Class 6C no. 553, with a Belpaire firebox and bogie tender

Type and origin ♠ - Original locomotive, as built ♥ - Locomotive rebuilt with Belpaire firebox Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) Builder Dübs and Company Sharp, Stewart and Company Neilson and Company Serial number Dübs: 3331, 3336, 3343-3344, 3440, 3448, 3457-3459 Sharps: 4120-4121, 4140-4143 Neilson: 5126-5127, 5130, 5182-5187 Model CGR 6th Class Build date 1895-1898 Total produced 24

Specifications Configuration 4-6-0 (Tenwheeler) Driver axle 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia Coupled dia 54 in (1,372 mm) Tender wheels 37 in (940 mm) Wheelbase  • Engine  • Leading  • Coupled 11 ft (3,353 mm)  • Tender 10 ft (3,048 mm) Wheel spacing (Assymetrical) 1-2: 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) 2-3: 6 ft 3 in (1,905 mm) Length:  • Over couplers Height ♠ 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) ♥ Frame type Plate Axle load ♠  • Leading ♠ ♥  • 1st coupled ♠  • 2nd coupled ♠  • 3rd coupled ♠  • Tender axle average Adhesive weight ♠ ♥ Loco weight ♠ ♥ Tender weight Loco & tender weight ♠ ♥ Tender type YC (3-axle) YB, YC, YE, YE1 permitted Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 5 LT 10 cwt (5.6 t) Water cap Boiler:  • Pitch ♠ 6 ft 8 in (2,032 mm) ♥ 7 ft (2,134 mm)  • Diameter ♠ 4 ft 4 in (1,321 mm) ♥ 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm)  • Tube plates ♠♥  • Small tubes ♠ 185: ♥ 220: 2 in (51 mm)  • Firebox type ♠ Round-top - ♥ Belpaire Boiler pressure ♠ 160 psi (1,103 kPa) ♥ 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Ramsbottom Firegrate area ♠♥ 16.6 sq ft (1.54 m2) Heating surface ♠ 1,116 sq ft (103.7 m2) ♥ 1,398.5 sq ft (129.92 m2)  • Tubes ♠ 1,015 sq ft (94.3 m2) ♥ 1,287.5 sq ft (119.61 m2)  • Firebox ♠ 101 sq ft (9.4 m2) ♥ 111 sq ft (10.3 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 17 in (432 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke Valve gear Stephenson Couplers Bell link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1950s)

Performance figures Tractive effort ♠ 16,690 lbf (74.2 kN) @ 75% ♥ 18,780 lbf (83.5 kN) @ 75%

Career Operators OVGS Imperial Military Railways Central South African Railways South African Railways Sudan Railways Class OVGS 6th Class L2 CSAR Class 6-L2 SAR Class 6C Number in class 24 Numbers OVGS 70-93 CSAR 346-369 SAR 541-559, 561-564 Sudan M713 Delivered 1896-1898 First run 1896 Withdrawn 1973

The South African Railways Class 6C 4-6-0 of 1896 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Orange Free State.

Between 1896 and 1898, the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen placed 24 new Cape 6th Class steam locomotives with a 4-6-0 Tenwheeler type wheel arrangement in service. When British forces invaded the Orange Free State during the Second Boer War, these locomotives were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways. After the war, they were renumbered into the Central South African Railways roster. In 1912, when the remaining 23 locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and reclassified to Class 6C.

Manufacturers

The original Cape 6th Class locomotive had been designed in 1892 by H.M. Beatty, at the time the Locomotive Superintendent of the Western System of the Cape Government Railways (CGR).

File:H.M. Beatty.jpg

H.M. Beatty

The first ten 6th Class locomotives of the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS) were purchased from the CGR and designated 6th Class L. These were soon followed by orders for new 6th Class locomotives directly from the manufacturers.

The 24 locomotives in the first group to be built new for the OVGS, were manufactured between 1895 and 1898 by Sharp, Stewart and Company, Dübs and Company and Neilson and Company, and were designated 6th Class L2 when they were delivered between 1896 and 1898. Six of these locomotives were built by Sharp, Stewart, numbered in the range from 70 to 75, nine by Dübs, numbered in the range from 76 to 84, and nine by Neilson, numbered in the range from 85 to 93. All these locomotives were delivered with Type YC six-wheeled tenders.

Service

South Africa

When British forces invaded the Orange Free State during the Second Boer War, all these OVGS locomotives were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways (IMR), but not renumbered. They were only renumbered after the war, when they were included in the Central South African Railways (CSAR) roster in 1902 and designated CSAR Class 6-L2.

P.A. Hyde, the Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CSAR from 1902 to 1904, considered the 6th Class as "about the best design for their weight ever made". Several of the CSAR's Class 6-L1 to 6-L3 locomotives, including ten of these ex OVGS locomotives, were modified by Hyde by having their round-top fireboxes replaced with larger boilers and Belpaire fireboxes and by having larger, more sheltered cabs installed. This conversion improved their performance tremendously, to the extent that they could be used in place of the 8th Class, where they were formerly outclassed by load. This represented an increase in hauling capacity of some 12%, while their coal consumption was reduced by some 5%. The ten locomotives which were later renumbered in the ranges from 554 to 559 and 561 to 564 on the South African Railways (SAR), had undergone this modification.

During the 1930s, many of them were modified once again, when the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the SAR at the time, A.G. Watson, embarked on his program of standardisation and reboilered them with round-topped fireboxes once again. They retained the larger Hyde-designed cabs, however, and were not reclassified.

Sudan

During the Second World War, sixteen of the Classes 6 to 6D were transferred to the Middle East to assist with the war effort during the North African Campaign. The sole Class 6C locomotive in this group was no. 548. It was sold to the Sudan Railways Corporation in 1942 and renumbered M713.

Class 6 sub-classes

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and CSAR) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

When all but one of these 24 locomotives were assimilated into the SAR in 1912, they were designated Class 6C and renumbered in the ranges from 541 to 559 and 561 to 564. The fate of the one locomotive which did not enter SAR service, OVGS no. 89, later CSAR no. 365, is not known, although SAR no. 560 appears to have been reserved for it.

These locomotives, together with the CGR's 6th Class locomotives and the Classes 6-L1 and 6-L3 locomotives, which had been inherited by the CSAR from the OVGS via the IMR, were grouped into altogether fourteen sub-classes by the SAR. The 4-6-0 locomotives became SAR Classes 6, 6A, 6B, 6D to 6H and 6J to 6L, the 2-6-2 locomotives became Class 6Y and the 2-6-4 locomotives became Class 6Z.

Renumberings

The Class 6C locomotives were renumbered twice, first from the OVGS to the CSAR roster and again in 1912, into the SAR roster. The table lists these renumberings as well as their builder's and works numbers.

Class 6C 4-6-0
Builders, works numbers and renumbering

Builder	Year built	Works no.	OVGS no.	CSAR no.	SAR no.	Sudan no.
Sharp, Stewart	1896	4120	70	346	541
Sharp, Stewart	1896	4121	71	347	542
Sharp, Stewart	1896	4140	72	348	543
Sharp, Stewart	1896	4141	73	349	544
Sharp, Stewart	1896	4142	74	350	554
Sharp, Stewart	1896	4143	75	351	545
Dübs	1895	3331	76	352	546
Dübs	1895	3336	77	353	547
Dübs	1895	3343	78	354	548	M713
Dübs	1895	3344	79	355	555
Dübs	1897	3440	80	356	556
Dübs	1897	3448	81	357	557
Dübs	1897	3457	82	358	549
Dübs	1897	3459	83	359	558
Dübs	1897	3458	84	360	550
Neilson	1897	5126	85	361	551
Neilson	1897	5127	86	362	552
Neilson	1897	5130	87	363	559
Neilson	1898	5182	88	364	553
Neilson	1898	5183	89	365
Neilson	1898	5184	90	366	561
Neilson	1898	5185	91	367	562
Neilson	1898	5186	92	368	563
Neilson	1898	5187	93	369	564

Illustration

The main picture shows SAR Class 6C no. 553, with a Belpaire firebox, while the following shows CSAR Class 6-L2 no. 349, with its as-delivered round-top firebox and small cab, as depicted on a SAR Museum playing card.

• Class 6C 544 (4-6-0) CSAR 349 Playing Cards.jpg

  OVGS 6th Class L2 no. 73, CSAR Class 6-L2 no. 349, SAR Class 6C no. 544, with a Type YC tender