South African Class 5 4-6-2

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "Karoo Class". For other CGR Karoo Class locomotives, see Cape Government Railways Karoo Class locomotives.

South African Class 5 & 5R 4-6-2

300px Class 5R no. 781 retired at De Aar, 15 April 1978

Type and origin ♠ Class 5 as built with a Belpaire firebox ♥ Class 5R rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) Builder Vulcan Foundry Serial number 2774-2777 Model CGR Karoo Class Build date 1912 Total produced 4

Specifications Configuration 4-6-2 (Pacific) Driver axle 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia Coupled dia ♠ 61 in (1,549 mm) ♥ 62 in (1,575 mm) Trailing dia 34 in (864 mm) Tender wheels as built 34 in (864 mm) retyred Wheelbase  • Engine 29 ft 5 in (8,966 mm)  • Leading 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm)  • Coupled 10 ft 8 in (3,251 mm)  • Tender 16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length:  • Over couplers ♠ ♥ Height ♠ 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) ♥ 12 ft 11 in (3,937 mm) Frame type Bar & Plate Axle load ♠ ♥  • Leading ♠ ♥  • 1st coupled ♠ ♥  • 2nd coupled ♠ ♥  • 3rd coupled ♠ ♥  • Trailing ♠ ♥  • Tender bogie Bogie 1: Bogie 2:  • Tender axle Adhesive weight ♠ ♥ Loco weight ♠ ♥ Tender weight Loco & tender weight ♠ ♥ Tender type XM2 (2-axle bogies) XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3, XM4, XP1, XS permitted Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 10 LT (10.2 t) Water cap Boiler ♥ Watson Standard no. 1  • Pitch ♠ 7 ft 5 in (2,261 mm) ♥ 8 ft (2,438 mm)  • Diameter ♠♥ 5 ft (1,524 mm)  • Tube plates ♠ 17 ft 9 in (5,410 mm) ♥  • Small tubes ♠ 184: ♥ 76:  • large tubes ♥ 24:  • Firebox type ♠ Belpaire ♥ Round-top Boiler pressure ♠ 200 psi (1,379 kPa) ♥ 190 psi (1,310 kPa) Safety valve ♠ Ramsbottom ♥ Pop Firegrate area ♠ 34.2 sq ft (3.18 m2) ♥ 36 sq ft (3.3 m2) Heating surface ♠ 2,066 sq ft (191.9 m2) ♥ 1,620 sq ft (151 m2)  • Tubes ♠ 1,924 sq ft (178.7 m2) ♥ 1,497 sq ft (139.1 m2)  • Firebox ♠ 142 sq ft (13.2 m2) ♥ 123 sq ft (11.4 m2) Superheater:  • Heating area ♥ 366 sq ft (34.0 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size ♠ 19 in (483 mm) bore ♥ 20 in (508 mm) bore ♠♥ 28 in (711 mm) stroke Valve gear Stephenson Valve type ♠ Slide - ♥ Piston Couplers Bell link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1950s)

Performance figures Tractive effort ♠ 24,860 lbf (110.6 kN) @ 75% ♥ 25,750 lbf (114.5 kN) @ 75%

Career Operators South African Railways Class Class 5 & 5R Number in class 4 Numbers 780-783 Nicknames Karoo Delivered 1912 First run 1912 Withdrawn 1969

The 2nd coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class 5 4-6-2 of 1912 was a steam locomotive.

In 1912, four Enlarged Karoo Class 4-6-2 Pacific type passenger steam locomotives, which had been ordered by the Cape Government Railways the year before, were placed in service by the newly established South African Railways. The locomotives were therefore numbered directly onto the South African Railways roster and designated Class 5.

Manufacturer

The Cape Government Railways (CGR), Natal Government Railways (NGR) and Central South African Railways (CSAR) had all prepared designs and placed orders for new locomotives shortly prior to 1912, when the South African Railways (SAR) locomotive classification and renumbering scheme was implemented.

File:H.M. Beatty.jpg

H.M. Beatty

The CGR's Enlarged Karoo, designed by H.M. Beatty, the Cape Government Railways Chief Locomotive Superintendent, and built by Vulcan Foundry of Newton-le-Willows, was one of the locomotive types which were designed and ordered before the SAR was established and which ended up being delivered to the newly established national railways of the Union of South Africa. The locomotives were designated Class 5 and numbered in the range from 780 to 783. They entered service during November 1912.

Characteristics

The Class 5 was a larger and heavier version of the Class 5B, with a higher pitched boiler, Belpaire firebox, larger diameter leading and coupled wheels and larger cylinders.

The cylinders were arranged outside the bar frames, with balanced Richardson type D slide valves arranged above the cylinders and actuated by Stephenson valve gear through rocker shafts. The hind frame of the engine was of the plate type and was widened out to receive the Belpaire firebox, which itself was a notable departure from the usual practice of the CGR to use round-topped fireboxes.

Watson Standard boilers

In the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type, designed by then Chief Mechanical Engineer A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.

During 1935, only one of the Class 5 locomotives, no. 781, was reboilered with a Watson Standard no. 1 boiler and reclassified to Class 5R. The most obvious difference between the Class 5 and Class 5R is the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotive.

During the reboilering process, the engine was also equipped with a superheater and underwent several other modifications. It was fitted with larger bore cylinders, similar to those of the Class 15B, with piston valves and by-pass valves. The diameter of the coupled wheels was increased from 61 to 62 inches (1,549 to 1,575 millimetres).

The hind end of the frame was redesigned and the bridle casting was removed and replaced by a frame plate, riveted to the main bar frame and carried through to the hind buffer beam. A new steel casting, extending across and over the main frame, added rigidity and served as a support for the boiler at the throat plate. A new design of drag box was installed. While the trailing Bissel truck remained unaltered, its side control was re-designed and a new compensating beam and support pivot was fitted.

File:SAR Class 5R 781 (4-6-2) ID.JPG

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To compensate for the increased axle loads, the diameter of the driving axle was increased from , while that of the other two coupled wheel axles was increased from . Grease-lubricated axle boxes were fitted to all coupled wheels and new coupling and connecting rods of a heavier design were installed. All these alterations had the result that the boiler pitch was raised from 7 feet 5 inches (2,261 millimetres) to 8 feet (2,438 millimetres) and the weight of the engine was increased from to . The overall length of the engine and tender was increased by .

Their original boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard boiler was fitted with Pop safety valves. Even though the boiler pressure setting of the reboilered engine was lowered from 200 to 190 pounds per square inch (1,379 to 1,310 kilopascals), the tractive effort increased from 24,860 to 25,750 pounds-force (111 to 115 kilonewtons) at 75% of boiler pressure.

Service

The engines were placed in service on mainline passenger service between Cape Town and Touws River, where they remained until the loads became too heavy for them. From about 1928, they were used on secondary services, chiefly being employed to haul suburban passenger trains from Cape Town to the Strand and Stellenbosch.

The three Class 5 locomotives were withdrawn from service by 1942, but the sole Class 5R remained in service for another 27 years. For most of its working life, it was employed in suburban service in Cape Town, where it gained fame for the unusual achievement of being an individual locomotive which worked the same train, the Strand Express, for more than thirty years. It was only withdrawn occasionally for maintenance in the locomotive depot or for heavy repairs in the shops. During this time, it regularly attained a speed of 60 miles per hour (97 kilometres per hour) while en route between Cape Town and Bellville. It was sub-shedded at Sir Lowry's Pass and always had regular drivers.

When the Strand line was electrified in the mid-1960s, engine no. 781 was transferred to the Eastern Transvaal System as a shunting engine at Nylstroom, and later to Capital Park in Pretoria. From there, it was transferred to the Western Transvaal System and it was also briefly stationed at Springs on the East Rand. It spent its last years in service as station pilot at Germiston, until it was retired in 1969.

After withdrawal from service, it was returned to the Salt River Shops in Cape Town for use in the training of apprentice fitters, until it was moved to De Aar to be maintained for preservation.

Illustration

The main picture shows Class 5R no. 781, retired at De Aar in 1978, while the following illustrate the differences in appearance due to modifications during the lifespan of the Class.

The last picture, of the reboilered no. 781, dates to the 1950s, by which time the original enormous headlight had been replaced.

• 

  Vulcan Foundry works picture of no. 780

• SAR Class 5 783 (4-6-2).jpg

  No. 783 passing the junction at Woltemade No. 3, c. 1930

• SAR Class 5 782 (4-6-2).jpg

  No. 782 with driver M. Mileham and stoker Treadaway, c.1930

• SAR Class 5R 781 (4-6-2).jpg

  Class 5R no. 781 with driver Sonny Best, c.1950