Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation

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File:Delta Aircraft Cleaning - 49656588072.jpg
Aircraft cabin disinfection

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on aviation industry due to the resulting travel restrictions as well as slump in demand among travelers. Significant reductions in passenger numbers has resulted in planes flying empty between airports and the cancellation of flights.

Flight cancellations

Government regulations in Europe and the United States mandate airlines to refund fares when flights are cancelled, but in many cases airlines have instead offered vouchers or travel credits that must be used by the end of the year. (Some airlines have extended the voucher window to May 2022). Despite pleas from industry lobbyists to expand the regulations to allow travel credits, the US Department of Transportation has reiterated that airlines are obligated to provide refunds for cancelled flights. Travel vouchers are currently allowed when passengers cancel travel plans due to travel warnings, stay at home orders and other restrictions.[1]

Early march 2020 saw 10% of all flights cancelled, compared to 2019. As the pandemic progressed, 40-60% lower number of flight movements were recorded in late march with international flights affected the most. By April over 80% flight movements were restricted across all geographies, including North America, Europe and Asia and all sectors.[2]

Air cargo

As passenger flights were cancelled, the cost of sending cargo by air changed rapidly. The cost of sending cargo across the Pacific Ocean tripled by late March.[3]

Adjusted cargo capacity fell by 4.4% in February while air cargo demand also fell by 9.1%, but the near-halt in passenger traffic cut capacity even deeper as half of global air cargo is carried in passenger jets' bellies. Air freight rates rose as a consequence, from $0.80 per kg for transatlantic cargoes to $2.50–4 per kg, enticing passenger airlines to operate cargo-only flights, while cargo airlines bring back into service fuel-guzzling stored aircraft, helped by falling oil prices.[4]

At the end of March, cargo capacity was down by 35% compared to the previous year: North America to Asia Pacific capacity fall by 17% (19% in the opposite direction) Asia-Pacific to Europe was down by 30% (reverse: -32%), intra-Asia was down by 35%. Lagging the capacity reductions, demand was down by 23% in March, resulting in higher freight rates: from China/Hong Kong, between March 2 and April 6, +158% to Europe and +90.5% to North America.[5]

The cargo shortage may evaporate if the global economic crisis depresses demand: the WTO forecast a global trade contraction of 13–32% in 2020.[6]

International mail between many countries stopped completely, either due to suspension of domestic service or lack of transportation.[7]

Business aviation

Business aviation was less affected than airline traffic, in that top executives' travel is often considered as essential. London Biggin Hill Airport reported traffic to be around 30% of 2019 levels, with transatlantic traffic strong. Once lockdown restrictions are eased, business aviation has an opportunity to capture premium passengers who might previously have chosen airlines, but who may prefer the social distancing afforded by a private jet.[8]

United States air charter travel strongly increased in February and March as airlines slashed schedules, making commercial flights increasingly unpredictable; however, some charter operators such as JetSuite subsequently saw a drastic drop in business as widespread stay-at-home orders took effect in April.[9]

Activity

File:KLM aircraft parked on Schiphol runway during corona crisis (cropped).jpg
KLM aircraft parked on Schiphol runway during the crisis

On 5 March 2020, the International Air Transport Association estimated that the airline industry could lose between US$63 to 113 billion of revenues due to the reduced number of passengers.[10][11] IATA had previously estimated revenue losses of around US$30 billion two weeks before their 5 March estimate.[12] By 17 March, IATA had stated that its 5 March estimate was "outdated", and that airlines would require $200 billion in bailouts to survive the crisis.[13] IATA further revised their revenue loss estimate in 24 March to be $252 billion globally, a 44 percent drop.[14]

Due to the sudden and large losses of revenue, airlines began to hold out against refunding cancelled flights and tickets to conserve cash, despite government regulations. In Europe, airlines had successfully negotiated to defer some $1.2 billion in air traffic control charges.[15]

Oliver Wyman reported that Asian airlines reduced their available seat miles by 23 percent in March 2020.[16] In Europe, the impact of the outbreak is expected to accelerate corporate consolidation in the airline industry.[17] According to consultancy CAPA Centre for Aviation, most airlines would be bankrupted by the end of May 2020.[18]

Air travel demand rose 2.4 percent year-on-year in January 2020, the lowest it has been since the April 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull, though travel disruptions due to coronavirus only began in late January.[19] By March, the number of flights had plummeted, with about 280,000 flights reported between 24 and 30 March 2020 compared to around 780,000 in a similar period the previous year.[20] Despite a lack of passengers, regulations regarding flight slots initially compelled British airlines to fly empty planes to European airports in order to avoid losing their slots.[21] Fuel prices dropping (due to an oil price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia) by around a quarter could not compensate for the fall in demand.[22] Google Trends indicate that airline customer service departments have received the largest rise in online searches between February and March 2020 than any other customer service department over that time period.[23]

Analysts expect airlines to reduce the size of their fleets as a result of the downturn, and point out that this could be done either by modernising fleets – hastening the retirement of older aircraft and maintaining planned deliveries of new, more fuel-efficient models – or by retaining older planes and reducing capital expenditure on new aircraft.[24]

By mid-April, the inactive fleet ballooned to almost 14,400, over two-thirds of the 22,000 mainline passenger airliners, leaving 7,635 in operation stood: predominantly in Europe, where less than 15% are operating, than in North America (45%) or Asia (49%); and affecting narrowbody aircraft (37%) less than widebody aircraft (27%).[25] Consequently, demand for aircraft storage increased to the point where runways and taxiways in normally busy airports such as Frankfurt Airport and Atlanta Airport were closed to make room for storage.[26]

In April global passenger capacity is down 91%; the ICAO anticipates 1.2 billion fewer travellers by September 2020 compared to a typical year, a revenue fall of $160–253 billion for the first nine months of 2020.[27]

While European airlines owe $10 billion for cancelled flights, IATA is predicting a 55% fall in revenue compared to 2019, a $89 billion hit, costing $452 billion on the wider economy.[28]

Boeing anticipates passenger traffic recovering in two to three years to 2019 levels, but expects production to take longer.[29]

By sector

Airlines

File:A nearly empty flight from PEK to LAX amid the COVID-19 pandemic 1.jpg
A nearly empty cabin in March 2020


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  • airBaltic In March 2020, they announced it will suspend operations on 17 March due to the coronavirus outbreak. The decision is intended to help limit the spread of the virus.
  • Air Canada announced a temporary layoff of 16,500 employees, suspending most of its international flights.[14] However, most of the workers were later rehired under a wage subsidy program instituted by the Government of Canada.[30]
  • Air France–KLM chairman Benjamin Smith stated in a video recording to staff that the situation was "unprecedented". The Financial Times reported that the French government was exploring ways to provide the airline with cash.[31] Air France-KLM later announced it would reduce capacity by 70–90%.[32]
  • Air Mauritius entered voluntary administration to safeguard the interests of the company and its stakeholders after coronavirus-related disruptions made it impossible for the airline to meet its financial obligations. The airline was seeking to change its business model to address preexisting financial problems when the pandemic had a major impact on its revenue. The airline plans to continue operating.[33][34]
  • Air New Zealand cut its long-haul capacity by 85%, and suspended several long-haul routes. Domestic route capacity was reduced by 30%, and the company placed itself into a trading halt.[35]
  • Air Serbia temporarily suspended its passenger flights on 19 March 2020. It is projected to resume its passenger flights on 1 June 2020.[36]
  • Air Zimbabwe was force to suspend all flights indefinitely on 26 March 2020.[37] The airline was subsequently forced to put all employees on unpaid leave and is in the process of creating a post-pandemic masterplan.[38][39]
  • Alaska Airlines reported a first-quarter loss of US$232 million, retired 12 Airbus A320 family aircraft inherited from Virgin America, including all 10 of the Airbus A319s, and is expected to retire 7 other Airbus A320s.[40]
  • The sale process of Italy's flag carrier Alitalia was accelerated, with the Italian government cutting the deadline for interested investors to submit offers from 31 May to 18 March.[41] Between the weeks of 2 and 9 March – when the Italian government announced a national lockdown – Alitalia's capacity in international flights fell by 22 percent.[42]
  • American Airlines is cutting its domestic flight schedule by 60%–70% in April 2020 and 80%–90% in May, with only a "handful" of international routes to stay in operation.[43] On 6 April, American announced that almost all flights to the New York City area would be suspended, and no crew or staff would remain in the area overnight.[44] By 30 April, American had received US$10.6 billion in government relief, but was reporting pandemic-related losses of about US$70 million daily and US$2.2 billion total, prompting the retirement of all its Boeing 757, Boeing 767, and Embraer 190 aircraft along with several Airbus A330-300s.[45]
  • Avianca, the second largest airline in Latin America, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in New York City and liquidated its subsidiary Avianca Peru on 11 May 2020.[46][47]
  • British Airways CEO Álex Cruz informed staff that BA was facing a crisis worse than the aftermath of the SARS outbreak or the 9/11 attacks, and wrote that "jobs would be lost – perhaps for a short term, perhaps longer term."[48] After putting some 23,000 workers on furlough, on 28 April British Airways' parent IAG announced a restructuring and redundancy programme that could result in 12,000 BA job redundancies.[49]
  • Cathay Pacific cancelled three-fourths of its flights in March 2020, compared to initial expectations of 40 percent.[50] The airline cancelled 96% of passenger flights in April and May, but continued flying some passenger planes empty in order to transport cargo.[3]
  • Compass Airlines, a United States regional carrier that operated some flights for American Eagle and Delta Connection, permanently ceased operations.[51]
  • Czech Airlines announced in April 2020 to terminate their sole long-haul route to Seoul, which will not be restarted after operations resume. Therefore their sole Airbus A330 is to be returned to lessor Korean Air by October 2020.[52]
File:Delta Planes at MCI (49879371996) (cropped).jpg
Delta Air Lines planes parked on a taxiway at Kansas City International Airport
  • Delta Air Lines announced in March 2020 that it would reduce international flights by 20–25% and domestic flights by 10–15%. It also froze further hiring and suspended share buybacks.[19] The airline in March reported a 25 percent drop in bookings, and CEO Ed Bastian remarked that the hit to passenger demand was similar to the impact of the 9/11 attacks on air travel.[53] As of 31 March, Delta was suspending about 70% of its flights across its network.[54] The airline will completely retire the Boeing 777, McDonnell Douglas MD-80, and the McDonnell Douglas MD-90 fleets to cut costs, in addition to plans to retire older aircraft, such as the Airbus A320 family, Boeing 757 and Boeing 767.
  • EasyJet laid off 4,000 UK-based cabin crew for two months.[49]
  • On 23 March, Emirates announced it will stop all passenger flights, starting 25 March 2020.
  • Ethiopian Airlines reported a 30% reduction in passenger traffic and a loss of $190 million in the months of February and March 2020.[55] On 29 March, the airlines suspended flights to more than 80 countries.[56][57]
  • EVA Air grounded all Hello Kitty-liveried fleet, in addition to cancelling passenger flights, citing demand drop[citation needed]
  • In March 2020, Finnair announced starting negotiations about short-term layoffs for all of its employees.[58] By 10 March, 3,800 of its flights were cancelled in 2020 and Finnair announced it would decrease flights to European destinations by 20%.[59] By 16 March, Finnair followed with an announcement to reduce its flight capacity by 90% starting from 1 April.[60]
  • British airline Flybe, already struggling financially prior to the virus outbreak, entered administration on 5 March 2020 due to the effects of coronavirus.[12]
  • The International Airlines Group (including British Airways, Iberia and Aer Lingus) announced a 75 percent reduction in passenger capacity for two months in mid-March 2020. CEO Willie Walsh remarked that "there was no guarantee that many European airlines would survive".[61]
  • Japan Airlines reduced 96% of its international services through June 30. [62]
  • JetBlue is cutting its capacity by 5% and states the drop in demand is worse than after the 11 September attacks.[63] On 11 May—after receiving a special exemption from relief funding provisions requiring US airlines to maintain existing destinations—JetBlue suspended service until at least 30 June to 16 US destinations, notably including airports in Chicago, the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Houston, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Philadelphia, and Portland, Oregon.[64]
  • Jet2.com announced it was cancelling all of its flights until at least 17 June 2020.[65] Although it continues to operate repatriation flights for British citizens currently overseas.[66]
  • Korean Air grounded four-fifths of its international capacity.[10]
  • Lufthansa grounded its Airbus A380 aircraft, and cut 90% of its long haul travel capacity. It also stated it would only operate 20% of its intra-Europe flights.[67] It later decommissioned its local discount flights arm Germanwings.[68]
  • Nepal Airlines the flag carrier of Nepal cancelled all domestic and international flights by 20 March. The airline's international travel restriction was implemented prior to domestic restriction. The government indicated that the foreign airlines can conduct evacuation flights at any time despite air travel restrictions.[citation needed]
  • Norwegian Air cancelled 85% of its flights and temporarily laid off 90% of its employees.[69]
  • Philippine Airlines cancelled 69 weekly flights to China and 17 weekly flights to South Korea, while exploring new routes to Australia, Malaysia and Indonesia to replace lost revenues.[50]
  • Qantas initially reduced capacity on its international routes by around 25 percent and grounded eight of its ten Airbus A380 aircraft.[11]
    On 19 March 2020, Qantas confirmed it would suspend about 60% of domestic flights,[70] put two thirds of its employees on leave, suspend all international flights and ground more than 150 of its aircraft from the end of March until at least 31 May 2020 following expanded travel restrictions.[71][72]
  • Qatar Airways reduced fleet operations to 75%[73] and will make "substantial cuts" to their staff.[74]
  • Ravn Alaska, a regional airline based in Alaska, filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, temporarily ceased all operations, and laid off all staff on April 5, 2020. [75][76][77]
  • Ryanair sent an internal memo informing staff that it may require them to take unpaid leave due to alterations in flight scheduling.[48]
  • Scandinavian Airlines has received a payment guarantee of 3 billion Swedish kroner by the governments of Denmark and Sweden to get through the crisis. Most flights scheduled for April have been cancelled.[78] On the 28th of April SAS announced that 5000 employees would be laid off[79]
  • Singapore Airlines had to cut 96% of its flights up to end-April and ground the majority of its air fleet on 23 March 2020. Its management also took a pay cut and staff up to certain management levels had to take unpaid leave.[80] Shares also dropped to its lowest since 1998 to the extent that they had to halt trading.[81] In response, the Singapore government injected up to S$19 billion for the flag carrier whereas its majority shareholder, Temasek Holdings, said it would underwrite the sale of shares and convertible bonds for up to S$15 billion.[82] On April 26, Singapore Airlines flew their fleet of Airbus A380 aircraft to Alice Springs in Australia's Northern Territory for indefinite long-term storage.
  • South African Airways received several billion rand in government aid in early 2020, but the airline had already been under voluntary business rescue since 5 December 2019; stricken by preexisting debts and pandemic-related revenue losses, analysts commented that the airline had effectively "already collapsed" when the government rejected a request for another R10 billion in aid in mid-April.[83][84] Business rescue practitioners gave the airline's unions a 24 April deadline to agree to a plan to wind down the company, stating that liquidation would commence if no agreement was reached.[85]
  • Southwest Airlines suspended about 40% of its flights in late March and stored 50 Boeing 737-700 aircraft; CEO Gary C. Kelly denied that the airline planned to furlough pilots or declare bankruptcy.[86] On 7 April, Southwest announced the cancellation of about 50% of its flights through late June.[87] Although the airline received US$3.29 billion in U.S. government pandemic relief aid, Kelly warned employees on 23 April that "if things don’t change dramatically over the May–June–July time periods, we’ll have to prepare ourselves for a drastically smaller airline."[88] By 28 April, Southwest had parked 350 of its 742 aircraft, negotiated the delay of many anticipated Boeing 737 MAX deliveries, and was reporting daily losses of at least US$30 million.[89]
  • Spirit Airlines was to cut fares by up to 70% and reduce April 2020 capacity by around 5%.[90]
  • Trans States Airlines, the sister company of Compass Airlines, which is also on this list. On March 17, 2020, CEO Rick Leach sent a memo to employees stating that due to the impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on travel demand, the airline would cease operations on April 1, 2020
  • Turkish Airlines temporarily suspended all international flights starting from 28 March.[91]
  • United Airlines announced that it would reduce domestic flight capacity by 10% and international flight capacity by 20% in April 2020. It also secured US$2 billion in loans to secure its cash reserves.[19] United later stated on 15 March 2020 that it would cut 50% of its flying capacity for April and May 2020.[92]
  • Vietnam Airlines announced in March 2020 that it would temporarily suspend all international flights until 30 April 2020.[93]
  • On 5 May, Virgin Atlantic announced it was cutting 3,000 jobs and quitting London Gatwick Airport.[94]
  • Virgin Australia reduced 8,000 out of 10,000 employees (redundancies and temporary layoff).[95][96] The airline formally applied for voluntary administration on 21 April 2020, however as of that date, flights are still operating and talks about the future of the airline are continuing.[97]
  • The British Government charted a Wamos Air 747 multiple times to repatriate British citizens in Wuhan, China and Japan during the beginning of the 2019-2020 Coronavirus Pandemic.
  • WestJet reduced 6,900 out of its 14,000 employees (including early retirement, temporary and permanent layoffs, leaves, and resignations) and grounded at least 120 planes. All international flights were cancelled for a month.[14]

Aircraft manufacturers

  • Airbus reduced its wing production on factories in Broughton, Filton and Bremen, and reduced working hours in the sites. Its French and Spanish sites suspended production for several days before a partial resumption on 23 March.[98] Monthly production was cut to four A220s, forty A320s, two A330s and six A350s.[99] Airbus delivered 122 aircraft in the first quarter, 40 fewer than in the previous year, and 60 could not be handed over due to travel restrictions. Airliner revenues were down 22% to €7.5 billion, earnings dropped by 82% to €57 million, and their adjusted EBIT was down 59% to €191 million. The company free cash flow was a negative €8 billion, including the €3.6 billion bribery penalties, similar to the negative €4.3 billion of the previous year without. For the first quarter, Airbus' total adjusted EBIT was halved to €281 million, and it made a net loss of €481 million (compared to a €40 million profit in the previous year). In 2020, capital expenditure should be reduced by €700 million to €1.9 billion.[100]
  • Boeing froze hiring and reportedly laid off employees due to a large number of cancellations, which outpaced new orders in February 2020.[101] On 11 March, it was revealed that Boeing was to exercise its whole US$13.8 billion loan facility (which it secured in February). Prior to the pandemic, Boeing's business had been impacted by groundings of its 737 MAX aircraft.[102] By 7 April, Boeing had indefinitely suspended production at Boeing South Carolina and Puget Sound, Washington, completely halting the assembly of its commercial aircraft.[103] On 21 April, Boeing announced a management structure overhaul.[104]
  • Bombardier on 26 March 2020 announced a suspension of most Canadian production in Ontario (for 2 weeks) and Quebec (until 13 April), in addition to halting production in Northern Ireland. 12,400 Bombardier employees in Canada (70 percent of the workforce) were furloughed.[105]
  • Embraer reported deferment of orders of its commercial aircraft.[106] It also suspended its financial guidance for 2020.[107] On 25 April, Boeing announced it has terminated the planned Boeing–Embraer joint venture after the 24 April delay expired, attributing it to Embraer's failure to meet conditions.[108] Later on 25 April, Embraer asserted that it had satisfied the conditions for consolidation to proceed, and that it would seek compensation for Boeing's allegedly wrongful termination of the deal.[109] Industry analysts attributed Boeing's actions to the collapse in demand for airliners resulting from the pandemic, and to a desire to avert the potentially controversial perception that government pandemic relief funds meant to support U.S. jobs were instead disbursed to a Brazilian firm.[110]

Airports

  • On the 5th of May, Airports Council International (ACI) World estimated that in 2020, passenger traffic worldwide would amount to less than half of what was previously projected for the year.[111]
  • By the middle of April, the Airports Council International (ACI) observed a 95% fall in traffic in 18 airports in major aviation markets in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East.[112]
  • Westchester County Airport is closing to airlines for about a month starting on 27 April for a major runway repaving project, which was originally scheduled to be undertaken in stages late at night over the span of four months. The decision to close and expedite the project was made because the number of daily flights had fallen drastically. This is the first total closure of a United States commercial airport for pandemic-related reasons.[113]

Government

Other organizations

  • Many United States general aviation social events and fly-ins scheduled for the spring of 2020 were cancelled or postponed, including Sun 'n Fun[115] and several conducted by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association.[116]
  • Air charter company JetSuite ceased flight operations on 15 April and its parent company filed for bankruptcy on 28 April; CEO Alex Wilcox attributed the company's collapse to a 90% drop in business due to widespread stay-at-home orders.[117]
  • Travel technology company Sabre Corporation furloughed one third of its workforce on 23 April, citing an 81% drop in revenue due to drastically reduced airline and other travel bookings. Sabre had previously cut salaries by 20%, suspended 401(k) pension contributions, cut various other expenses, and obtained a US$1.1 billion loan, but these steps reportedly failed to offset losses.[9]

By country

File:Nearly empty international departures area at PEK amid the COVID-19 pandemic.jpg
Beijing Capital International Airport, empty
  •  China: Roughly two-thirds of international flights to and from China were cancelled in February 2020. Flights between Japan and China saw a 60 percent reduction in traffic, while the US and China saw a reduction of 86 percent.[118] Two-thirds of domestic flights within China were similarly cancelled, numbering around 10,000 flights daily, while the ticket prices for remaining flights dropped – South China Morning Post reported that a seat for a three-hour flight between Shanghai and Chongqing costed as little as 29 Yuan (US$4.1). Passenger traffic between 25 January and 14 February dropped by 75 percent compared to the same period in 2019.[119] Since 23 March 2020, all international passenger flights bound for Beijing are diverted to twelve designated first points of entry, under the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)'s guideline.[120] Since 29 March, all international flights to and from China are reduced, with flight limit.[121]
  •  India: Indian airlines are estimated to report a loss of US$600 million (not including state-owned Air India) for the January–March quarter. The government of India is planning a rescue package for the aviation industry for as much as 120 billion INR (US$1.6 billion).[122]
  •  Indonesia: Starting on 24 April 2020, all passenger flights, except those carrying medical personnel/supplies or repatriating Indonesian citizens from abroad/foreigners from Indonesia, were banned.[123]
  •  Italy: Due to the outbreak and the ensuing national lockdown, thousands of flights to and from Italy were cancelled.[124]
  •  Mauritius: As from March 2020 all international flights to Mauritius was suspended. The national carrier, Air Mauritius entered voluntary administration after making losses for quite years.[125]
  •    Nepal: From March 2020 in order to prevent the importation and spread of coronavirus infection, all aircraft including domestic and international were banned arriving in Nepal.[citation needed]
  •  Philippines: The National Economic and Development Authority projects a loss of at least 1.2 million tourist arrivals assuming that the pandemic persists by June 2020.[126]
  •  South Africa: South African Airways had been placed in bankruptcy protection in December 2019. However, with the pandemic leading to the complete grounding of all flights, and the government refusing to make more finance available, the airline is heading for a winding down process, or liquidation, depending on the outcome of negotiations with unions and workers on retrenchments.[127]
  •  Turkmenistan: From March 2020 in order to prevent the importation and spread of coronavirus infection, all aircraft arriving in Turkmenistan from abroad are redirected to the Turkmenabat International Airport.[128] Passengers arriving from outside of Turkmenistan are carried screened for signs of active infection, in particular, body temperature is measured. Visitors who are flagged during screening are transported to an allocated hospital. The airport medical center is equipped with personal protective equipment. After passing a medical examination, the plane, together with passengers on board, leaves for Ashgabat. Departures from Turkmenistan are carried out from Ashgabat International Airport. Persons authorized solely for diplomatic, official, humanitarian purposes are allowed to enter the territory of Turkmenistan.[129]
  •  United States: Multiple airlines waived fees for flight booking changes and cancellations during the coronavirus outbreak following a request from Sen. Richard Blumenthal.[130] Between 20 January and 7 March 2020, stock prices in US airlines decreased by 30 percent.[131] Flight fares for domestic flights also dropped.[132]
On 25 March, the United States Senate passed a bill that would allocate $58 billion in loans and guarantees to aviation-related companies, including $25 billion for passenger carriers and $4 billion for cargo carriers, plus $17 billion for companies "critical to maintaining national security", such as Boeing. The airlines accepting the package would be barred from increasing executive pay, issuing dividends, or buying back shares during the aid period.[133]

Travel and the spread of the coronavirus

The use of aeroplanes by travelers has been implicated in the spread of the coronavirus.[134] The World Health Organisation noted that "Transmission of infection may occur between passengers who are seated in the same area of an aircraft, usually as a result of the infected individual coughing or sneezing or by touch".[135] Amidst the coronavirus pandemic, some individuals have purchased discounted airline tickets in order to travel.[136] Some people, including those belonging to Generation Z, as well as Millennials, attended spring break celebrations despite warnings to remain at home.[136] A multitude of young adults have tested positive for the coronavirus upon returning from spring break celebrations; among those from Texas vacationing in Cabo were forty-four positive persons.[137]

Hazard controls

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Further information: Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, if a person becomes sick on an airplane, proper hazard controls to protect workers and other passengers include separating the sick person from others by a distance of 6 feet, designating one crew member to serve the sick person, and offering a face mask to the sick person or asking the sick person to cover their mouth and nose with tissues when coughing or sneezing. Cabin crew should wear disposable medical gloves when tending to a sick traveller or touching body fluids or potentially contaminated surfaces, and possibly additional personal protective equipment if the sick traveler has fever, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing. Gloves and other disposable items should be disposed of in a biohazard bag, and contaminated surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected afterwards.[138]

See also

References

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  98. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  99. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  100. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  101. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  102. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  103. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  108. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  131. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  137. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  138. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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