Sertorian University of Huesca

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Sertorian University of Huesca
175px
Active 1354–1845
Founder Peter IV of Aragon
Location
Huesca
,
Aragon

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The Sertorian University of Huesca (Spanish: Universidad Sertoriana de Huesca) was founded by Peter IV of Aragon on 12 March 1354 from Alcañiz, despite the exclusivity that had been granted by James the Just to the city of Lleida, the only city with the right to establish itself as the Studium generale in the Crown of Aragon. Although Huesca in the time of Sertorius (died in Huesca in 72 B.C.) had an Academy for Latin, the founding document of Peter the Ceremonious makes no mention of the city's tradition of Latin studies. However, in time, the University of Huesca would remember that precedent in its name, being called "Sertorian University".

The University of Huesca was located in the building that now houses the Museum of Huesca, which still contains several rooms belonging to the 12th century Palace of the Kings of Aragon, built on an Islamic tower with Romanesque-style walls topped with battlements.

The most important remains of the Royal Palace is the Bell Tower in Huesca, a unique example of urban Romanesque civil architecture in Spain. The starting point is a tower from the Arab period with an elongated hexagonal floor plan, which forms a nave topped by two apses facing each other on the short sides. The lower floor, or Hall of the Bell of Huesca, still has three Romanesque windows. The upper floor or Queen Petronila's Hall conserves the walls ornamented with Romanesque columns and historiated capitals that support blind semicircular arches.

The rest of the building of the Sertoriana University is in a very austere Baroque style with Herrerian influences and was designed by Francisco de Artiga in 1690. It has an octagonal floor plan with an arcaded courtyard in the centre. This courtyard houses archaeological remains belonging to the Museum of Huesca.

In 1845 the Sertorian University was closed. As early as 1850, the idea of creating a museum using the university funds was considered, with the initiative of the painter and scholar Valentín Carderera, who donated a large part of his private collection, playing an important role in the project. The museum was officially opened in June 1873. Later, in 1968, the Provincial Museum of Huesca moved to the premises of the former University. In 1993, the museum underwent a new refurbishment, which was extensively renovated and reopened in 1999.

History

In the 14th century, it was a university focused on theology studies and governed and sponsored by the city's juries. A century later, in 1450, John II of Aragon promoted reforms aimed at boosting it, with economic and management measures. In the 15th century, its teachings were extended to disciplines related to Law, Medicine and Philosophy.

However, rivalry with the University of Lleida meant that both universities did not recognise each other's degrees and diplomas. In the 16th century, its facilities were extended to include rooms in the former Royal Palace, thanks to a royal cession from Philip II, and the Colegio Mayor Imperial de Santiago was created, emulating the Colegio Mayor of the University of Salamanca, with a capacity for thirteen students and its own rector, who was elected by the students themselves. In 1587 a second Colegio Mayor was founded, called the Colegio Mayor de San Vicente Mártir. But despite all the efforts, the rivalry with the universities of Lérida and the nascent University of Saragossa led the Sertorian University to a frank decline at the end of the 16th century, from which it would not recover until its disappearance in 1845 with the liberal education reforms.

Archives

All the documents preserved from the Sertoriana University are in the Provincial Historical Archive of Huesca, where they were deposited between 16 December 1940 and 3 May 1941, when they were transferred from the Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de Huesca.[1]

The collection consists of 459 installation units, with documents dated between 1434 and 1845, although those from the 18th to 19th centuries predominate. These documents are classified, in accordance with the structure of government of the University, in three sections: Council, Cloister and Subject. Through these documents it is possible to follow the history of the institution, its functioning, the curricula, the provision of chairs, student life, etc.[2]

There are also documents from the Sertorian University and its schools in the Municipal Archives of Huesca, the Cathedral Archives and the Public Library of Huesca.

Faculty

Rectors

Chancellors

Maestrecolía

Approved by the bull of Pius V in 1571 at the request of Philip II to replace the Chancery, the first maestrescuela ("schoolmaster") was not appointed until 1585.[lower-alpha 1]

Notable faculty

Notable alumni

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The maestrescuela was a dignitary in the Spanish cathedral churches, whose duty formerly was to teach divinity. At pontifical institutions of education, the highest officer was not the rector, but the maestrescuela who represented the interests of the Holy See. Whereas the rector was elected by the claustro and usually held office for only one year, the maestrescuela was appointed by the Pope for an indefinite term. At the Sertorian University, the right to nominate the maestrescuela belonged to the King. The maestrescuela at the Sertorian University had civil and criminal jurisdiction over the rector and the doctors in Huesca.

Citations

  1. ↑ Rivas Palá (1991), p. 47.
  2. ↑ Rivas Palá (1991), p. 49.

References

Alins Rami, Laura (1979). "Aspectos de la Universidad Sertoriana en el siglo XIX," Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, No. 88, pp 425–68.
Alins Rami, Laura (1980). "La Universidad Sertoriana y la legislación docente de 1833 a 1845," Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, No. 90, pp. 301–24.
Alins Rami, Laura (1981). "Institutos provinciales incorporados a la Universidad de Huesca," Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, No. 91, pp. 63–80.
Alins Rami, Laura (1981). "La nueva fábrica de la Universidad Sertoriana (1690)," Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, No. 92, pp. 267–78.
Alins Rami, Laura (1991). "Las reformas liberales en la enseñanza superior y la Universidad de Huesca, en el primer cuarto de siglo XIX," Aportes: Revista de historia contemporánea, No. 16, pp. 57–71.
Alins Rami, Laura (1993). "El alumnado de la Universidad de Huesca en el siglo XIX," Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, No. 107, pp. 9–48.
Durán Gudiol, Antonio (1989). Estatutos de la Universidad de Huesca: Siglos XV y XVI. Huesca: Ayuntamiento de Huesca, Comisión de cultura.
Martínez Bara, José Antonio (1952). Archivo Histórico de Huesca: Catálogos de fondos genealógicos. Madrid: Dirección General de Archivos y Bibliotecas.
Poch, José (1964–1965). "De la cancillería a la maestrescolía en el Estudio General de la Universidad de Huesca," Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, No. 57/60, pp. 1–68.
Rivas Palá, María (1991). "Sección IV: Universidad Sertoriana," Archivo Histórico Provincial de Huesca: Guía del investigador (2ª edición). Zaragoza: Gobierno de Aragón, Departamento de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, pp. 47–50.

External links

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