Ribblehead Viaduct
Ribblehead Viaduct | |
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File:Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire.jpg
Ribblehead Viaduct
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Coordinates | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
Crosses | Batty Moss |
Owner | Network Rail |
Maintained by | Network Rail |
Characteristics | |
Total length | 440 yards (400 m) |
Height | 104 feet (32 m) |
Number of spans | 24 |
History | |
Designer | John Sydney Crossley |
Construction begin | 12 October 1870 |
Opened | 3 August 1875 |
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The Ribblehead Viaduct or Batty Moss Viaduct carries the Settle-Carlisle Railway across Batty Moss in the valley of the River Ribble at Ribblehead, in North Yorkshire, England. The viaduct, built by the Midland Railway, is 28 miles (45 km) north-west of Skipton and 26 miles (42 km) south-east of Kendal. It is a Grade II* listed structure.[5]
The land underneath and around the viaduct, where the remains of the construction camp and navvy settlements known as Batty Wife Hole, Sebastopol and Belgravia were located, is a scheduled ancient monument.[6]
Contents
History
The viaduct was designed by engineer, John Sydney Crossley.[5] The first stone was laid on 12 October 1870 and the last in 1874.[7] One thousand navvies built the viaduct and established shanty towns on the moors for themselves and their families.[8] They named the towns after Crimean War victories, well-to-do districts of London and biblical names. There were smallpox epidemics and deaths from industrial accidents. Around one hundred navvies were killed during its construction.[8] There are around 200 burials of men, women, and children in the graveyard at Chapel-le-Dale dating from the time of its construction. The church has a memorial to the railway workers.[9][10][11]
The line over the bridge was opened to goods traffic on 3 August 1875, but passenger trains did not commence running until 1 May 1876, following approval of the works by Colonel F. H. Rich, an Inspecting Officer of the Board of Trade.[12]
In 1964, several brand new Humber cars being carried on a freight train that was crossing the viaduct were blown off the wagons they were being carried upon and landed on the ground by the viaduct.[8]
Description
Ribblehead Viaduct is 440 yards (400 m) long, and 104 feet (32 m) above the valley floor at its highest point.[7] It is made up of twenty-four arches of 45 feet (14 m) span, with foundations 25 feet (7.6 m) deep. The north end of the viaduct is 13 feet (4.0 m) higher in elevation than the south end.[8] 1.5 million bricks were used in the construction and some of the limestone blocks weighed 8 tons each.[13][14]
Location
Ribblehead Viaduct is the longest on the Settle-Carlisle Railway. Ribblehead railway station is less than half a mile to the south and to the north is the Blea Moor Tunnel, the longest tunnel on line.[15] It is near the foot of Whernside.
The Settle-Carlisle Line is one of three north-south main lines, along with the West Coast Main Line through Penrith and the East Coast Main Line via Newcastle. British Rail attempted to close the line in the 1980s, citing the reason that the viaduct was unsafe and would be expensive to repair.[16] A partial solution was to single the line across the viaduct in 1985, preventing two trains from crossing simultaneously. A 20 mph speed limit is also in force. The closure proposals generated tremendous protest and were eventually retracted. The viaduct, along with the rest of the line, was repaired and maintained and there are no longer any plans to close it.
Two taller viaducts on the route are Smardale Viaduct at 131 feet (40 m) high and near to Crosby Garrett, and Arten Gill at 117 feet (36 m).
Usage
In 2016 the line and viaduct carries six passenger trains from Leeds to Carlisle per day in each direction, plus regular long distance excursions, many hauled by steam locomotives. Regular diesel-hauled heavy freight trains also use the route to help reduce congestion on the West Coast Main Line. Colas Rail operate a timber train most Friday afternoons which passes over the Viaduct when it departs its yard opposite Ribblehead railway station. The combination of the rarely seen timber train and the British Rail Class 56 locomotives used to pull the train has built quite an enthusiastic following.[citation needed]
In popular culture
The building of the viaduct was the inspiration behind the ITV period drama series Jericho.[17]
Gallery
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Ribblehead Viaduct5.jpg
Ingleborough seen through an arch of the viaduct
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1 Ribblehead viaduct Wiki.jpg
Close-up of an arch of the viaduct
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Rly Ribblehead Viaduct 2 12.03.14R edited-2.jpg
The Viaduct in 2014 from the west side of the line looking northwards
References
- ↑ Baker, S.K. (2007 11th ed), Rail Atlas of Great Britain & Ireland, Oxford Publishing Co, Horsham, ISBN 978 0 86093 602 2
- ↑ Dewick, T. (2002), Complete Atlas of Railway Station Names, Ian Allan Publishing, ISBN 0 7110 2798 6
- ↑ Midland Railway (reprinted after 1992) [originally 1913–1920], Midland Railway System Maps Volume 1: Carlisle to Leeds and Branches, Peter Kay, Teignmouth, ISBN 1 899890 25 4
- ↑ (1990) British Rail Track Diagrams 4: Midland Region, Quail Map Company, Essex, ISBN 0 900609 74 5, p.34
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Garrat, Colin & Matthews, Max-Wade (2003) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Steam And Rail, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, ISBN 0-7607-4952-3
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Bibliography
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ribblehead Viaduct. |
- Pictures of the viaduct at the BBC
- List of Viaducts on the Settle-Carlisle line
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- Pages with broken file links
- Use dmy dates from March 2014
- Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- Ribblesdale
- Bridges in North Yorkshire
- Bridges completed in 1874
- Railway viaducts in England
- Grade II* listed buildings in North Yorkshire
- Rail transport in North Yorkshire
- Grade II* listed bridges