New World Syndrome

New World Syndrome is a set of non-communicable diseases brought on by consumption of junk food and a sedentary lifestyle. Native Americans, the indigenous people of Oceania and perhaps other people of Asiatic origin are susceptible. It is characterized by obesity, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and shortened life span.

Causes

New World Syndrome is linked to a change from a traditional diet and exercise to a modern diet and a sedentary lifestyle. The traditional occupations of indigenous people—such as fishing, farming, and hunting—tended to involve constant activity, whereas modern office jobs do not. The introduction of modern transportation such as automobiles also decreased physical exertion. Meanwhile, Western foods which are rich in fat, salt, sugar, and refined starches are also imported into countries. The amount of carbohydrates in diets increases. The convenience and cheapness of these foods adds to their appeal.

Evidence found through the study of mitochondrial DNA suggests that there are several factors at play. Subjects of maternal descent from the above named indigenous populations have several genetic factors that provide more efficient conversion of some classes of carbohydrates into ATP. There is also indication that cellular responses to injury, muscular efficiency, and other metabolic differences may set the stage for other factors to cause the symptoms of the syndrome.

Increased rates of depression are known to produce higher rates of obesity through decreased physical activity. Coupled with a more efficient metabolism this could be a major cause of NWS symptoms within population groups such as Native Americans in the United States. As with all studies of the genetic underpinnings of anthropologically diverse groups, the individual circumstances may differ from case to case.

See also

• Thrifty gene hypothesis
• Genetics of obesity
• Westernization
• Cocacolonization

Related:

• Human genetic variation
• Human genetic clustering