Mount Taylor (New Mexico)

This article is about the volcano in New Mexico. For other uses, see Mount Taylor.

Mount Taylor
File:MountTaylorNM.jpg
Highest point
Elevation	NAVD 88
Prominence
Coordinates
Geography
Mount Taylor
Location	Cibola County, New Mexico, U.S.
Parent range	San Mateo Mountains
Topo map	USGS Mount Taylor
Geology
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Climbing
Easiest route	Hike

Mount Taylor is a stratovolcano in northwest New Mexico, northeast of the town of Grants. It is the high point of the San Mateo Mountains and the highest point in the Cibola National Forest. It was named in 1849 for then president Zachary Taylor. Prior to that, it was called Cebolleta (tender onion) by the Spanish; the name persists as one name for the northern portion of the San Mateo Mountains, a large mesa. Mount Taylor is largely forested, rising like a blue cone above the desert below. Its slopes were an important source of lumber for neighboring pueblos.

Mount Taylor is the cone in a larger volcanic field, including Mesa Chivato. The Mount Taylor volcanic field is composed primarily of basalt (with 80% by volume) and straddles the extensional transition zone between the Colorado Plateau and the Rio Grande rift. The largest volcanic plug in the volcanic field is Cabezon Peak, which rises nearly 2,000 feet above the surrounding plain. According to Robert Julyan’s The Place Names of New Mexico, the Navajos identify Cabezon Peak “as the head of a giant killed by the Twin War Gods” with the lava flow to the south of Grants believed to be the congealed blood of the giant.

Native American traditions

File:48 Acoma Pueblo view of Mount Taylor to north.jpg

A view of Mount Taylor to the north from the west end of the Sky City of Acoma Pueblo.

File:Mount Taylor 20140908 1920x1080.jpg

A southwest view of Mount Taylor, as seen from the village of Encinal, NM.

To the Navajo people, Mount Taylor is Tsoodził, the turquoise mountain, one of the four sacred mountains marking the cardinal directions and the boundaries of the Dinetah, the traditional Navajo homeland. Mount Taylor marks the southern boundary, and is associated with the direction south and the color blue; it is gendered female. In Navajo mythology, First Man created the sacred mountains from soil from the Fourth World, together with sacred matter, as replicas of mountains from that world. He fastened Mount Taylor to the earth with a stone knife. The supernatural beings Black God, Turquoise Boy, and Turquoise Girl are said to reside on the mountain. Mount Taylor is also sacred to the Acoma, Hopi, Laguna and Zuni people.

Volcanology

Mount Taylor was active from 3.3 to 1.5 million years ago during the Pliocene, and is surrounded by a field of smaller inactive volcanoes. Repeated eruptions built lava domes and produced lava flows, ash plumes, and mudflows. The mountain is surrounded by a great volume of volcanic debris, suggesting multiple major eruptions, possibly similar to that of Mount Saint Helens and the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff, Arizona. Estimates vary about how high the mountain was at its highest. Conservative estimates place its maximum near a similar pre-explosion height for the San Francisco Peaks of , and an extreme estimate places it near .

Recreation

Mount Taylor is the site of the Mount Taylor Quadrathlon, an endurance event which has been held at this location for almost thirty years. The event includes running, skiing, bicycling and snowshoeing for 43 miles.

Wildlife

Mount Taylor and the surrounding area is home to large elk herds, mule deer, black bear, mountain lion and Merriam’s turkey. Bird species are particularly diverse in the area and include great blue heron, white-faced ibis, canvasback, common merganser, rough-legged hawk, red-tailed hawk, ferruginous hawk, sharp-shinned hawk, osprey, golden eagle, barn owl, great horned owl, and kestrel, whip-poor-will, white-throated swift, western kingbird, warbling vireo, western meadowlark, house finch, swifts, swallows, prairie falcon, gray-headed junco, Steller’s jay, and pinyon jay. Furthermore, the area offers excellent raptor-nesting habitat on the various cliffs that spill down into the Rio Puerco valley below.

Mount Taylor Wildlife

Great blue heron are found on Mt. Taylor. Photo: US Fish & Wildlife Service Great blue heron are found on Mt. Taylor. Photo: US Fish & Wildlife Service  A mule deer fawn in the snow. Photo: US Forest Service.  A mountain lion in a tree on Mount Taylor. Photo: US Forest Service. A mountain lion in a tree on Mount Taylor. Photo: US Forest Service.  Mount Taylor is home to healthy populations of elk. Photo: US Forest Service.  A black bear in a tree on Mount Taylor. Photo: US Forest Service.

Mining

Mount Taylor is very rich in a uranium-vanadium bearing mineral, and was mined extensively for it from 1979 to 1990. The Mount Taylor and the hundreds of other uranium mines on Pueblo lands have provided over thirteen million tons of uranium ore to the United States since 1945.

Concern has arisen regarding the impact of future mining activities on the site. In June 2008 the New Mexico Cultural Properties Review Committee voted in favor of a one-year emergency listing of more than surrounding the mountain’s summit on the state Register of Cultural Properties. "The Navajo Nation, the Acoma, Laguna and Zuni pueblos, and the Hopi tribe of Arizona asked the state to approve the listing for a mountain they consider sacred to protect it from an anticipated uranium mining boom, according to the nomination report." In April 2009, Mount Taylor was added to the National Trust for Historic Preservation's list of America's Most Endangered Places.

Notable events

On 3 September 1929, the Transcontinental Air Transport Ford 5-AT-B Tri-Motor City of San Francisco struck Mount Taylor during a thunderstorm while on a scheduled passenger flight from Albuquerque Airport in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to Los Angeles, California, killing all eight people on board.

See also

• List of mountain peaks of North America
  • List of mountain peaks of the United States
    • List of volcanoes in the United States
• Capulin Volcano National Monument
• El Malpais National Monument
• San Mateo Mountains (Cibola County, New Mexico)

External links

• Cibola National Forest official website