Maureillas-las-Illas

Maureillas-las-Illas
A general view of Maureillas-las-Illas
Maureillas-las-Illas
Location within Languedoc-Roussillon region Maureillas-las-Illas
Coordinates:
Country	France
Region	Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées
Department	Pyrénées-Orientales
Arrondissement	Céret
Canton	Céret
Intercommunality	Vallespir
Government
• Mayor (2014–2020)	André Bordaneil
Area1	42.10 km2 (16.25 sq mi)
Population (2011)2	2,672
• Density	63/km2 (160/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	66106 / 66480
Elevation	78–1,320 m (256–4,331 ft) (avg. 154 m or 505 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Maureillas-las-Illas (Catalan: Morellàs i les Illes) is a rural commune in the Vallespir, Pyrénées-Orientales in the south of France. The commune belongs to the Communauté de communes of Vallespir uniting Maureillas-las-Illas with nine other communes.

Geography

Localisation

Maureillas-las-Illas is located in the canton of Céret and in the arrondissement of Céret. It lies east of Céret and north of the Spanish border.

Maureillas-las-Illas and its surrounding communes

Toponymy

Names

The first mention of the village under the name Maurelianum was in 1011. The name is then written as Maurelanis in the 12th century, Maurellans and Maurellas in the 15th century and finally Maurallas or Maurellas since the 17th century.

Maurellas is the Catalan spelling, Maureillas is its French transcription.

Etymology

Maureillas is probably issued from the name of a Roman landowner, Maurelius, followed by the -anos suffix (plural of -anum). It has nothing to do with the Moors.

History of Maureillas

Until recently, the dolmen of Siuréda was still hidden by a thick vegetation but its discovery shows that the prehistoric man of Chalcolithic, roughly 3500 to 1700 BC, lived in the hills above Maureillas.

The history of Maureillas as a settlement goes back to antiquity. Founded by the Romans as a small settlement, the village remained small until the Charlemagne conquest Saracens in 811.

In the Middle Ages the village grew around the church of Saint Etienne, built in the 10th century. In 1400, residents built a new chapel outside the walls of the village. It was dedicated to Saint John of Mauranells.

Maureillas was a place of residence for the powerful Oms family, but there are no remains left of the possessions of this family. However, the village of Les Cluses belonged to them from the 7th century.

The commune of Saint-Martin de Fenollar was merged with Maureillas in 1823. In 1972, the villages of Las Illas and Riunoguès were also incorporated into the commune.

Las Illas

Las Illas is in the deep confines of a valley leading to the Col of Panissars, on the border with Spain, and the Trophy of Pompey. This is the second most southerly town in mainland France after Lamanère. In the 9th century, the passage was so important that the clergy of Arles-sur-Tech built a church dedicated to Notre Dame du Remède there. In the 11th century, it was bequeathed to the monastery of Ripoll which built a priory.

Las-Illas was notorious in the 19th century for the groups of outlaws who took refuge in the surrounding caves, the famous Trabucayres.

The Trabucayres

The Trabucayres are famous mountain outlaws, bands of individuals who, on behalf of social banditry, political or foul, robbed, kidnapped, and ransomed coaches, landowners and farmers from 1837 to 1846. The name comes from the Catalan word "trabuc", a short-barreled shotgun used at that time.

Despite their cruelty, the Trabucayres were treated as avengers of social injustice. This feeling was strengthened because their crimes were addressed to the "bourgeoisie". In addition, Trabucayres preceded their acts with religious rituals to absolve them from all sin, thus reinforcing their popularity among common people. The legend is still alive and a source of pride among border populations.

Government and politics

Mayors

Mayor	Term start	Term end
Jean-Daniel Amiot	1989	2008
André Bordaneil	2008

Population

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1841	1846	1851	1856
360	427	594	750	903	943	1,019	1,047	1,115

1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896	1901
1,199	1,239	1,407	1,487	1,502	1,348	1,375	1,386	1,333

1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954	1962
1,308	1,324	1,239	1,177	1,216	1,120	1,081	1,068	1,093

1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2011	-	-
1,108	1,370	1,706	2,037	2,281	2,546	2,672	-	-

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006) ·

Population Over Time

0	1800   1820   1840   1860   1880   1900   1920   1940   1960   1980   2000
Sources - database Cassini of EHESS and Insee See database

Economy

Cultivation of cork oak

Until the 1950s, still half of the population of Maureillas worked in the cork oak industry, now almost extinct. The Museum of Cork Oak of Maureillas has been created to tell the history of this past activity.

Sites of interest

• Saint-Martin-de-Fenollar chapel
• Saint-Michel de Riunoguès church
• Saint-Étienne de Maureillas church
• Dolmen of Siuréda
• Ruins of the Bel Ull watch tower

Gallery

• 

  Cork Museum of Maureillas.

• 

  Saint-Martin-de-Fenollar chapel

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department
• Hiking in the Pyrénées-Orientales

References

• INSEE

External links

• Official website of Maureillas-las-Illas
• Dolmen of Siuréda