List of Palmyrene monarchs

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House of Odaenathus

Portrait Name Ruler From Ruler Until Relationship with Predecessor(s) Title Notes
Odenaethus bust.jpg Odaenathus 260 267 King of Palmyra Also King of Kings of the East
Hairan I.jpg Hairan I 263 267  • Son of Odaeanthus King of Palmyra Made co-King of Kings by his father.[1]
Maeonius.jpg Maeonius 267 267  • Odaenathus' cousin.[2] Emperor No evidence exist for his reign.[3]
Antoninian Vaballathus Augustus (obverse).jpg Vaballathus 267 272  • Son of Odaenathus King of Kings
Rex
Emperor		 Dropped the "King of Kings" title in 270, replacing it with the Latin rex (king) and declared emperor in 271.[4] Reigned under the regency of his mother, Zenobia.[5]
110px Zenobia 267 272  • Mother of Vaballathus Queen
Empress		 Ruled as a regent for her children and did not claim to rule in her own right.[5]
Antiochus 273 273  • Possibly a son of Zenobia.[6] Emperor

Al Fadl dynasty

Ruler Reigned Title Notes
Issa bin Muhanna 1281-1284 Prince Appointed as a reward for aiding the Mamluks.[7]
Muhanna bin Issa 1284-1293 Prince Imprisoned by the Mamluks.[8]
Muhanna bin Issa 1295-1312 Prince Second reign.[8]
Fadl ibn Isa 1312-1317 Prince Brother of Muhanna.[8]
Muhanna bin Issa 1317-1320 Prince Expelled with his tribe.[8]
Muhanna bin Issa 1330-1335 Prince Fourth reign.[8]
Muzaffar al-Din Musa 1335-1341 Prince Son of Muhanna.[9]
Suleiman I 1341-1342 Prince Son of Muhanna.[10]
Sharaf al-Din Issa 1342-1343 Prince Son of Fadl bin Issa.[10]
Saif 1343-1345 Prince Son of Fadl bin Issa.[10]
Ahmad 1345-1347 Prince Son of Muhanna.[11]
Saif 1347-1348 Prince Second reign.[11]
Ahmad 1348 Prince Second reign.[11]
Fayad 1348 Prince Son of Muhanna.[12]
Hayar 1348-1350 Prince Son of Muhanna.[12]
Fayad 1350-1361 Prince Second reign.[12]
Hayar 1361-1364 Prince Second reign; rebelled and was dismissed.[10][12]
Zamil 1364-1366 Prince Son of Muhanna's brother Musa.[10]
Hayar 1366-1368 Prince Third reign; rebelled and was dismissed.[13]
Zamil 1368 Prince Second reign; rebelled and was dismissed.[13]
Mu'ayqil 1368-1373 Prince Son of Fadl bin Issa.[13]
Hayar 1373-1375 Prince Fourth reign.[13]
Malik 1375-1379 Prince Son of Muhanna.[13]
Zamil 1379-1380 Prince Third reign; ruled with Mu'ayqil.[13]
Mu'ayqil 1379-1380 Prince Second reign; ruled with Zamil.[13]
Nu'air bin Hayar 1380- Prince Son of Hayar.[13]
Musa -1396 Prince Son of Hayar's brother Assaf.[13]
Suleiman II 1396-1398 Prince Son of Hayar's brother 'Anqa.[14]
Muhammad 1398-1399 Prince Brother of Suleiman II.[15]
Nu'air bin Hayar 1399-1406 Prince Second reign.[15]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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