Kissamos

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Kissamos (Greek: Κίσσαμος) is a town and municipality in the west of the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the Chania regional unit and of the former Kissamos Province which covers the northwest corner of the island. The city of Kissamos is also known as Kastelli Kissamou and often known simply as Kastelli after the Venetian castle that was there. It is now a port and fishing harbour, with a regular ferry from the Peloponnese via Kythira. A town museum is located in the old Venetian governor's palace and there have been important archaeological finds in the town, including fine mosaics, dating from the Roman city of Kisamos (Κίσαμος, Latinized as Cisamus). The head town of the municipality (Greek: Δήμος Κισσάμου) is Kastelli-Kissamos itself.

History

The Rotunda of Michael Archangelos in Episkopi - Kissamos.

Strabo said that ancient Cisamus was dependent on Aptera and was its naval arsenal.[2] The Peutinger Table distinguishes two port towns in Crete called Cisamus,[3] Modern Kissamos (at 35°29′38″N 23°39′25″E) is much further west than where Aptera is now placed (at 35°27′46″N 24°8′31″E). It was excluded already by Pashley in 1837 as being, of the two ancient maritime Cretan cities named Kisamos, the one associated with Aptera.[4] In the past, when the port of Aptera was thought to be present-day Kissamos, some supposed Aptera to be identical with Polyrrhenia, and Kissamos to be the port of Polyrrhenia.[5] However, Strabo and other ancient sources say that Polyrrhenia's port was at Phalasarna on the west coast.[6][7]

Ecclesiastical History

Ancient Cisamus became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Gortyna, the capital of the Roman province of Crete. Only two of its first-millennium bishops are named in extant contemporary documents: Theopemptus (according to 18th-century Lequien), Nicetas (according to 20th-century Janin) at the Trullan Council in 692, and Leo at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.[8]

Othodox bishopric

The bishopric is still a residential see of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Crete.[8]

Latin diocese

After the Venetian conquest of Crete in 1212, Cisamus became a Latin Church diocese. The names of more than 20 residential Latin bishops from then until the end of the 16th century are known, including :[9]

Suffragan Bishops of Kisamo

incomplete

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, Cisamus is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see,[10] since it was suppressed as residential see around 1600 AD.

It has been vacant since decades, having had the following (often not consecutive) incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :

  • Fortunato Bisleti (1728.11.15 – 1749)
  • Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz (1749.09.22 – 1765.04.22)
  • Jan Pettani (1767.02.05 – ?)
  • Martin Nugk von Lichtenhoff (1775.11.15 – 1780.06.21)
  • José O.S. Casquete Prado (1797.12.18 – 1838.02.02)
  • Dominik Mayer (1863.10.01 – 1875.05.04)
  • Adrien-François Rouger (王吾伯), Lazarists (C.M.) (1883.09.07 – 1887.03.31)
  • Thomas William Wilkinson (1888.05.15 – 1889.12.28)
  • Charles Maurice Graham (1891.09.25 – 1902.10.25)
  • Jean Muradian (1905.08.07 – 1911.07.11)
  • Heinrich Joeppen (1913.10.27 – 1920.02.22)
  • Lajlo Budanovic (1927.02.28 – 1958.03.16)
  • Nikollë Troshani (1958.04.18 – 1994.05.25)

Municipality

Kissamos municipality

The municipality Kissamos was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of three former municipalities, which became municipal units:[11]

The municipal unit Kissamos includes the Gramvousa peninsula (Chernisos Gramvousas Χερσόνησος Γραμβούσας) in the northwest and the adjacent Gramvousa islets, as well as the islet of Pontikonisi, and the villages of Sfinari, Koukounaras, Polirinia, Platanos, Lousakia, Sirikari, Kallergiania and Kalathena. It forms the extreme western part of the region, and of Crete. It is bordered by Platanias to the East, and by Kantanos-Selino to the south.

Former Province

The province of Kissamos (Greek: Επαρχία Κισσάμου) was one of the provinces of the Chania Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Kissamos, and the municipal units Kolymvari and Voukolies (partly).[12] It was abolished in 2006.

Notable locals

See also

References

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Sources and External links

See Chania Region for maps

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ J.A. Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Ancient Greece (1828), Vol. 3, pp. 364, 379
  3. ↑ John D. Pendlebury, The Archaeology of Crete (Biblo & Tannen 1969 ISBN 978-0-81960121-6), p. 21
  4. ↑ Robert Pashley, Travels in Crete (J. Murray 1837), vol. 1, pp. 49, 55
  5. ↑ Edward Falkener, A Description of Some Important Theatres and Other Remains in Crete (Trübner 1854), p. 26
  6. ↑ Pendlebury (1969), p. 14
  7. ↑ J.A. Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Ancient Greece (1828), Vol. 3, p. 364
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Raymond Janin, v. Cisamus, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XII, Parigi 1953, coll. 844-845
  9. ↑ Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1, pp. 185–186; vol. 2, p. 127; vol. 3, p. 166; vol. 5, p. 158; vol. 6, p. 166; vol. 8, pp. 205–206
  10. ↑ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 870
  11. ↑ Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (Greek)
  12. ↑ Detailed census results 1991 PDF (39 MB) (Greek) (French)
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