Cleome

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Cleome
Cleome (Spider Flower) in Gavi.jpg
Cleome hassleriana in Kerala, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Brassicales
Family:
Cleomaceae
Genus:
Cleome
Species

See text

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File:Cleome chelidonii in AP W IMG 9951.jpg
Cleome chelidonii at Pocharam lake, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Stereo image
Right frame 
Cleome seeds resemble snail shells

Cleome is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae. Previously it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae than the Capparaceae. The APG II system[1] allows for Cleome and the other members of the Cleomaceae to be included in the Brassicaceae.

The genus sensu stricto includes about 170 species of herbaceous annual or perennial plants and shrubs.[2] The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world.[2] However, a recent DNA study failed to separate Cleome, Podandrogyne, and Polanisia from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of Cleome sensu lato; in this case, Cleome contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae.

As a genus, it contains species which show a developmental progression from C3 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis. This, combined with its being very close to Brassicaceae (and therefore closely related to the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana), make it an ideal genus in which to study how C4 photosynthesis occurs and how it evolved. Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from C3 to C4 include C3 species having more veins and larger bundle sheath cells. Also, proteins present in species such as Cleome gynandra are needed for C4 photosynthesis.[3]

Species of Cleome are commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants.[4][5]

Selected species

Sources:[6][2][7][8][9]

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Cultivation and uses

C. hassleriana (spider flower) is a commonly cultivated garden plant, which can become invasive if attention is not paid to removing it before it can shed its seeds.

Gallery of species

References

  1. ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Brassicales.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 1: 652-653. Macmillan ISBN 1-56159-001-0.
  3. ↑ Marshall, D.M., Muhaidat, R., Brown, N.J., Liu, Z., Stanley, S., Griffiths, H.G., Sage, R.F., Hibberd, J.M. (2007) Cleome, a genus closely related to Arabidopsis, contains species spanning a developmental progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. Plant Journal, 51: 886-896
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Cleome list
  7. ↑ Flora Europaea: Cleome list
  8. ↑ USDA Plants Profile: Cleome list
  9. ↑ Efloras: Cleome search results
  10. ↑ Flora of China 7: 430–431. 2008: Tarenaya Rafinesque

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