Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1738–1789)

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Archduchess Maria Anna
Archduchess Maria Anne of Austria.jpg
Portrait of Archduchess Maria Anna by Martin van Meytens
Born (1738-10-06)6 October 1738
Vienna, Austria
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Klagenfurt, Austria
House House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Father Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother Maria Theresa of Austria

Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha Antonia of Austria (6 October 1738 – 19 November 1789) was the second but eldest surviving daughter of Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Life

Maria Anna was born on 6 October 1738 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, the center of the vastly powerful Habsburg Monarchy. She was heiress presumptive of the hereditary lands of the Austrian Habsburgs between 1740 and 1741, until her younger brother Joseph (later to be the Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph II) was born. She was known as "Marianna".

Maria Anna was intelligent but physically disabled. She suffered from bad health and had a fusion of her spine which caused her to have a lump on her back. In 1757, she contracted pneumonia, which permanently damaged her breathing capacity. Unable to find a royal husband, she was, in 1766, made the abbess of the Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies in Prague with the promise of 80,000 florins per year. Later, she gave up the Prague position and became an abbess in Klagenfurt with a smaller provision. In 1771, she had a Palace built in Klagenfurt, where she lived from 1780. Close to her younger sister Maria Elisabeth, the two lived together in the same convents till their deaths. While her youngest sister, Marie Antoinette, was traveling on her way to Versailles, she stayed at the abbey for one night.

Despite being disabled, Maria Anna often played important roles in major events of state, including acting as sponsor at Marie Antoinette's christening.[1]

Maria Anna was described as her father's favourite. She shared his interest in science and conducted experiments in chemistry and physics. She completed her father's coin collection, wrote a book about her mother's politics, drew and painted. She financed social projects, archaeological exhumations, artists and scientists. Her mentor was Ignaz von Born. She was disliked by high society because her scientific interests were considered unsuitable for her gender, but she was appreciated by the scientific and art world.

Maria Anna was an honorary member of the Vienna Academy of Arts (1767) and elected member of the Florence Academy of Arts (1769).

Maria Anna's health deteriorated further in 1788, and she died on 19 November 1789.

Gallery

Ancestry

Family of Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1738–1789)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Claude-Françoise of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria
Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Eleanor Gonzaga of Mantua
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Louis XIII of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Anne of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Archduchess Maria Anne of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (= 18)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Maria Anna of Spain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Philip William, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Maria Theresa of Austria
Queen of Hungary & Bohemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Duchess Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. [[Elisabeth the 12 Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Duchess Christine Frederica of Württemburg
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ A. Fraser, Marie Antoinette: The Journey, p. 6

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