Terminologia Histologica

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The Terminologia Histologica (TH) is a controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology.^[1]^[2] In April 2011, Terminologia Histologica was published online by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), the successor of FCAT.

It was intended to replace Nomina Histologica. The Nomina Histologica was introduced in 1977, with the fourth edition of Nomina Anatomica.^[3]

It was developed by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology.

Outline

h1.00: Cytology [1]
h2.00: General histology [2]
- H2.00.01.0.00001: Stem cells [3]
- H2.00.02.0.00001: Epithelial tissue [4]
  - H2.00.02.0.01001: Epithelial cell
  - H2.00.02.0.02001: Surface epithelium
  - H2.00.02.0.03001: Glandular epithelium
- H2.00.03.0.00001: Connective and supportive tissues [5]
  - H2.00.03.0.01001: Connective tissue cells
  - H2.00.03.0.02001: Extracellular matrix
  - H2.00.03.0.03001: Fibres of connective tissues
  - H2.00.03.1.00001: Connective tissue proper
  - H2.00.03.1.01001: Ligaments
  - H2.00.03.2.00001: Mucoid connective tissue; Gelatinous connective tissue
  - H2.00.03.3.00001: Reticular tissue
  - H2.00.03.4.00001: Adipose tissue
  - H2.00.03.5.00001: Cartilage tissue
  - H2.00.03.6.00001: Chondroid tissue
  - H2.00.03.7.00001: Bone tissue; Osseous tissue
- H2.00.04.0.00001: Haemotolymphoid complex [6]
  - H2.00.04.1.00001: Blood cells
  - H2.00.04.1.01001: Erythrocyte; Red blood cell
  - H2.00.04.1.02001: Leucocyte; White blood cell
  - H2.00.04.1.03001: Platelet; Thrombocyte
  - H2.00.04.2.00001: Plasma
  - H2.00.04.3.00001: Blood cell production
  - H2.00.04.4.00001: Postnatal sites of haematopoiesis
    - H2.00.04.4.01001: Lymphoid tissue
- H2.00.05.0.00001: Muscle tissue [7]
  - H2.00.05.1.00001: Smooth muscle tissue
  - H2.00.05.2.00001: Striated muscle tissue
- H2.00.06.0.00001: Nerve tissue [8]
  - H2.00.06.1.00001: Neuron
  - H2.00.06.2.00001: Synapse
  - H2.00.06.2.00001: Neuroglia
h3.01: Bones [9]
h3.02: Joints [10]
h3.03: Muscles [11]
h3.04: Alimentary system [12]
h3.05: Respiratory system [13]
h3.06: Urinary system [14]
h3.07: Genital system [15]
h3.08: Endocrine system [16]
h3.09: Cardiovascular system [17]
h3.10: Lymphoid system [18]
h3.11: Nervous system [19]
h3.12: The Integument [20]

References

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See also

Medical classification

Topographical codes

Diagnostic codes

general:	ICD-11 (not yet released; in development)) ICD-10 ICD-9 ICPC-2 DRC NANDA Read codes SNOMED D axis
specialized:	ICD-O ICSD ICHD ILDS DSM-IV BPA

Procedural codes

Pharmaceutical codes

Outcomes codes

NOC

Histology: Epithelial proteins (TH H1.00.01.1)

Lateral/cell-cell

Ion channels: Gap junction/Connexon
- Connexin

Cytoskeleton: Desmosome

other membrane proteins: Tight junction

Basal/cell-matrix

Apical

v t e Index of cells
Description	Structure nucleus chromosome genetics Organelles peroxisome cytoskeleton centrosome epithelia cilia mitochondria Membranes proteins cell adhesions Membrane transport ion channels vesicular transport solute carrier ABC transporters ATPase oxidoreduction-driven
Disease	Structural peroxisome cytoskeleton cilia mitochondria nucleus scleroprotein Membrane channelopathy solute carrier ATPase ABC transporters other extracellular ligands cell surface receptors intracellular signalling Vesicular transport Pore-forming toxins

Structures of the cell / organelles (TH H1.00.01.2-3)

Endomembrane system

Other internal

External

v t e Index of cells
Description	Structure nucleus chromosome genetics Organelles peroxisome cytoskeleton centrosome epithelia cilia mitochondria Membranes proteins cell adhesions Membrane transport ion channels vesicular transport solute carrier ABC transporters ATPase oxidoreduction-driven
Disease	Structural peroxisome cytoskeleton cilia mitochondria nucleus scleroprotein Membrane channelopathy solute carrier ATPase ABC transporters other extracellular ligands cell surface receptors intracellular signalling Vesicular transport Pore-forming toxins

Epithelial tissue

Cells

Types

Simple squamous epithelium
- Endothelium
- Mesothelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Respiratory epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Stratified columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium
- Urothelium

Glands

Types

Mechanism	Merocrine Eccrine Apocrine Holocrine Sebaceous Meibomian
Shape	Tubular gland Alveolar gland
Secretion	Serous glands Mucous glands

Components

Ducts:
Acinus/Lobe

See also: Template:Epithelial neoplasms

Connective tissue

Composition

Resident	Fibroblast Fibrocyte Reticular cell Tendon cell Adipocyte Melanocyte
Wandering cells	Mast cell Macrophage

Extracellular
matrix

Ground substance	Tissue fluid
Fibers	Collagen fibers Reticular fibers: COL3A1 Elastic fibers: Elastin Fibrillin FBN1 FBN2 FBN3 EMILIN1 Elaunin

Classification

Loose	Reticular Adipose Brown White
Dense	Dense irregular connective tissue Submucosa Dermis Dense regular connective tissue Ligament Tendon Aponeurosis

v t e Index of skin
Description	Anatomy Physiology connective tissue Development
Disease	Infections by morphology Vesiculobullous Dermatitis and eczema factitial Papulosquamous Urticaria and erythema Radiation-related Pigmentation Mucinoses Keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis Vasculitis Fat Neutrophilic and eosinophilic Congenital Neoplasms and cancer nevi and melanomas epidermis dermis Symptoms and signs Terminology
Treatment	Procedures Drugs antibiotics disinfectants emollients and protectives itch psoriasis other Wound and ulcer

v t e Index of muscle
Description	Anatomy head neck arms chest and back diaphragm abdomen genital area legs Muscle tissue Physiology connective tissue
Disease	Myopathy Soft tissue Connective tissue Congenital abdomen muscular dystrophy Neoplasms and cancer Injury Symptoms and signs eponymous
Treatment	Procedures Drugs anti-inflammatory muscle relaxants

Histology: muscle tissue (TH H2.00.05, H3.3)

Striated
muscle

Skeletal
muscle

Costamere/
DAPC

Membrane/
extracellular

DAP:	Sarcoglycan SGCA SGCB SGCD SGCE SGCG SGCZ Dystroglycan
Sarcospan Laminin, alpha 2

Intracellular

Dystrophin Dystrobrevin A B Syntrophin A B1 B2 G1 G2 Syncoilin Dysbindin Synemin/desmuslin
related:	NOS1 Caveolin 3

Sarcomere/
(a, i, and h bands;
z and m lines)

Myofilament

Tropomyosin

Troponin
- T
- C
- I

Connective tissue

General

Both

Fiber	Muscle fiber intrafusal extrafusal Myofibril Microfilament/Myofilament Sarcomere
Cells	Myoblast/Myocyte Myosatellite cell
Other	Desmin Sarcoplasm Sarcolemma T-tubule Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Other/
ungrouped

v t e Index of muscle
Description	Anatomy head neck arms chest and back diaphragm abdomen genital area legs Muscle tissue Physiology connective tissue
Disease	Myopathy Soft tissue Connective tissue Congenital abdomen muscular dystrophy Neoplasms and cancer Injury Symptoms and signs eponymous
Treatment	Procedures Drugs anti-inflammatory muscle relaxants

General

insulating:	Myelination: Oligodendrocyte
other	Astrocyte Radial glial cell Ependymal cells Tanycyte Microglia

Other

General	Posterior Root Ganglion Ramus Anterior Root Ramus Ramus communicans Gray White Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers Postganglionic nerve fibers)
Connective tissues	epineurium perineurium endoneurium nerve fascicle
Neuroglia	Myelination: Schwann cell Neurolemma Myelin incisure Node of Ranvier Internodal segment Satellite glial cell

Neurons/
nerve fibers

Parts

Soma	Axon hillock
Axon	Axon terminals Axoplasm Axolemma Neurofibril/neurofilament
Dendrite	Nissl body Dendritic spine Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite

Types

Afferent nerve fiber/
Sensory nerve

Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor nerve

Termination

Synapse	Electrical synapse/Gap junction Chemical synapse Synaptic vesicle Active zone Postsynaptic density Ribbon synapse Neuromuscular junction
Sensory receptors	Meissner's corpuscle Merkel nerve ending Pacinian corpuscle Ruffini ending Muscle spindle Free nerve ending Olfactory receptor neuron Photoreceptor cell Hair cell Taste bud

v t e Index of the central nervous system
Description	Anatomy meninges cortex association fibers commissural fibers lateral ventricles basal ganglia diencephalon mesencephalon pons cerebellum medulla spinal cord tracts Physiology neutrotransmission enzymes intermediates Development
Disease	Addiction Cerebral palsy Meningitis Demyelinating diseases Seizures and epilepsy Headache Stroke Sleep Congenital Injury Neoplasms and cancer Other paralytic syndromes ALS Symptoms and signs head and neck eponymous lesions Tests CSF
Treatment	Procedures Drugs general anesthetics analgesics dependence epilepsy cholinergics migraine Parkinson's vertigo other

v t e Index of the peripheral nervous system
Description	Anatomy Nerves cranial trigeminal cervical brachial lumbosacral plexus somatosensory spinal autonomic Physiology reflexes proteins neurotransmitters transporters Development neurotrophins
Disease	Autonomic Congenital Injury Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs eponymous
Treatment	Procedures Local anesthetics

Bone and cartilage

Ossification	intramembranous endochondral
Cells	osteoblast osteoid osteocyte osteoclast
Types	cancellous cortical
Regions	subchondral bone epiphysis epiphyseal plate/metaphysis diaphysis Condyle Epicondyle
Structure	Osteon Haversian canals Volkmann's canals connective tissue endosteum periosteum Sharpey's fibres enthesis lacunae canaliculi trabeculae medullary cavity bone marrow
Shapes	long short flat irregular sesamoid

Types

synostosis

by range of motion: Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

Terminology

Motions

specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction
Supination/Pronation

specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion
Eversion/Inversion

Components

capsular: Joint capsule
- Synovial membrane
- Fibrous membrane
Synovial fluid
Synovial bursa
Articular disk/Meniscus

extracapsular: Ligament
Enthesis

v t e Index of joint
Description	Anatomy head and neck cranial arms torso and pelvis legs bursae and sheathes Physiology
Disease	Arthritis acquired back childhood soft tissue Congenital Injury Symptoms and signs eponymous orthopaedic Examination
Treatment	Procedures Drugs rheumatoid arthritis gout topical analgesics

Anatomy of the mouth

Buccal fat pad

see tooth anatomy

Top
Underside

Back of mouth

v t e Index of the mouth
Description	Anatomy Development
Disease	Congenital face and neck cleft digestive system Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures periodontology Drugs

Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, excluding the mouth

Pharynx	Muscles Spaces peripharyngeal retropharyngeal parapharyngeal retrovisceral danger prevertebral Pterygomandibular raphe Pharyngeal raphe Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia Piriform sinus
Esophagus	Sphincters upper lower glands
Stomach	Curvatures greater lesser Angular incisure Cardia Body Fundus Pylorus antrum canal sphincter Gastric mucosa Gastric folds Microanatomy Gastric pits Gastric glands Cardiac glands Fundic glands Pyloric glands Foveolar cell Parietal cell Gastric chief cell Enterochromaffin-like cell

Small intestine

Microanatomy	Intestinal villus Intestinal gland Enterocyte Enteroendocrine cell Goblet cell Paneth cell
Duodenum	Suspensory muscle Major duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Duodenojejunal flexure Brunner's glands
Jejunum	no substructures
Ileum	Ileocecal valve Peyer's patches Microfold cell

Cecum	Appendix
Colon	Ascending colon Hepatic flexure Transverse colon Splenic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix
Rectum	Transverse folds Ampulla
Anal canal	Anus Anal columns Anal valves Anal sinuses Pectinate line Internal anal sphincter Intersphincteric groove External anal sphincter

v t e Index of digestion
Description	Anatomy tract glands other Physiology enzymes Development
Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Gluten sensitivity Other Symptoms and signs eponymous Blood tests
Treatment	Procedures Drugs anabolic steroids antacids diarrhoea and infection bile and liver functional gastrointestinal disorders laxatives peptic ulcer and reflux nausea and vomiting other Surgery

Accessory digestive glands

Bare area of the liver
Ligamentum venosum
Porta hepatis
Round ligament of liver
Lobes
- Left
- Right (Caudate
- Quadrate)
Fibrous capsule of Glisson
Perisinusoidal space
Liver sinusoid
Periportal space
Portal triad
Lobules of liver
Microanatomy

Bile ducts	Intrahepatic bile ducts Bile canaliculus Canals of Hering Interlobular bile ducts Left hepatic duct Right hepatic duct Common hepatic duct
Gallbladder	Cystic duct Common bile duct Ampulla of Vater Sphincter of Oddi Cells Cholecystocyte

Gross
- Tail
- Body
- Neck
- Head (Uncinate process)
Ducts
- main
- accessory
Microanatomy

v t e Index of digestion
Description	Anatomy tract glands other Physiology enzymes Development
Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Gluten sensitivity Other Symptoms and signs eponymous Blood tests
Treatment	Procedures Drugs anabolic steroids antacids diarrhoea and infection bile and liver functional gastrointestinal disorders laxatives peptic ulcer and reflux nausea and vomiting other Surgery

Anatomy of the peritoneum and mesentery

General

Abdominal

From ventral mesentery	Lesser omentum Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Liver Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament Right triangular ligament Hepatorenal ligament) Falciform ligament (Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it)
From dorsal mesentery	Greater omentum Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery Transverse mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon Mesoappendix Root of the mesentery Splenorenal ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Folds Umbilical folds Supravesical fossa Medial inguinal fossa Lateral umbilical fold Lateral inguinal fossa Ileocecal fold
Abdominal cavity	Greater sac Lesser sac Omental foramen
General	Cystohepatic triangle Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space Abdominal wall Inguinal triangle Peritoneal recesses Paracolic gutters Paramesenteric gutters

Uterus/ovaries	Broad ligament of the uterus Mesovarium Mesosalpinx Mesometrium) Ovarian ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary
Recesses	Male Recto-vesical pouch Pararectal fossa Female Recto-uterine pouch Recto-uterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) Vesico-uterine pouch Ovarian fossa Paravesical fossa

Spaces

v t e Index of digestion
Description	Anatomy tract glands other Physiology enzymes Development
Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Gluten sensitivity Other Symptoms and signs eponymous Blood tests
Treatment	Procedures Drugs anabolic steroids antacids diarrhoea and infection bile and liver functional gastrointestinal disorders laxatives peptic ulcer and reflux nausea and vomiting other Surgery

Anatomy of the lower respiratory tract

Respiratory tree

Trachea	Tracheal rings Annular ligaments Carina
Bronchi	Main left right Secondary eparterial Tertiary

General	Landmarks Base Apex Root Hilum Fissures Horizontal Oblique Superior lobe Lingula of left lung Middle lobe of right lung Inferior lobe
BP segment	Bronchiole: Conducting zone (Terminal bronchiole) Respiratory zone (Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolus Blood-air barrier)
Cells	Alveolar cells Type I Type II Club cell Goblet cell

v t e Index of the respiratory system
Description	Anatomy nose larynx lower thorax Physiology Development
Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Chest trauma Infection common cold pneumonia tuberculosis Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures mechanical ventilation Drugs nasal throat obstructive airway diseases cough and cold histaminergics pulmonary arterial hypertension other Surgery

Anatomy of the urinary system

Layers

Arteries
Veins

Renal corpuscle	Glomerulus Bowman's capsule Glomerular basement membrane Podocyte Filtration slits Mesangium Intraglomerular mesangial cell
Renal tubule	Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Descending Thin ascending Thick ascending Distal convoluted tubule Connecting tubule Collecting ducts Tubular fluid Renal papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis
Juxtaglomerular apparatus	Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangium Extraglomerular mesangial cell

v t e Index of the urinary system
Description	Anatomy Physiology Development Cells
Disease	Electrolyte and acid-base Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs Urine tests findings Blood tests
Treatment	Procedures Drugs potassium and phosphate Intravenous fluids

Female reproductive system

Follicles	corpus hemorrhagicum luteum albicans Theca of follicle externa interna Follicular antrum Follicular fluid Corona radiata Zona pellucida Membrana granulosa Perivitelline space
Other	Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea cortex Cumulus oophorus Stroma Medulla

Fallopian tubes

Wolffian vestiges

Regions	corpus/body Uterine cavity Fundus Cervix External orifice Canal Internal orifice Supravaginal portion Vaginal portion Uterine horns
Layers	Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Parametrium
Ligaments	Round ligament Broad ligament Cardinal ligament Uterosacral ligament Pubocervical ligament
General	Uterine glands

Labia	Mons pubis Labia majora Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Pudendal cleft Labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Frenulum of clitoris Vulval vestibule Interlabial sulci Bulb of vestibule Vaginal orifice vestibular glands/ducts Bartholin's glands/Bartholin's ducts Skene's glands/Skene's ducts
Clitoris	Crus of clitoris Corpus cavernosum Clitoral glans Hood
Urethra	Urethral crest Lacunae of Morgagni

Other

v t e Index of reproductive medicine
Description	Anatomy male female Physiology menstrual cycle Development sex determination and differentiation
Disease	Infections STD and STI Congenital male female Neoplasms and cancer male female gonadal germ cell Other male female Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures male female Drugs benign prostatic hypertrophy erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation sexual dysfunction infection STDs hormones androgens estrogens progestogens GnRH prolactin Assisted reproduction Birth control hormonal

Male reproductive system

Testes	layers Tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea Tunica vasculosa Appendix Mediastinum Lobules Septa Leydig cell Sertoli cell Blood–testis barrier
Spermatogenesis	Spermatogonium Spermatocytogenesis Spermatocyte Spermatidogenesis Spermatid Spermiogenesis Spermatozoon
Other	Seminiferous tubules Tubuli seminiferi recti Rete testis Efferent ducts Epididymis Appendix Stereocilia Paradidymis Spermatic cord Vas deferens Ampulla Ejaculatory duct

Accessory glands

Penis	root Crus Bulb Fundiform ligament Suspensory ligament body Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum glans Foreskin Frenulum Corona fascia superficial deep Tunica albuginea Septum of the penis
Urinary tract	Internal urethral orifice Urethra Prostatic Intermediate Spongy Navicular fossa External urethral orifice Lacunae of Morgagni Urethral gland
Scrotum	layers skin Dartos External spermatic fascia Cremaster Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia Perineal raphe Scrotal septum

v t e Index of reproductive medicine
Description	Anatomy male female Physiology menstrual cycle Development sex determination and differentiation
Disease	Infections STD and STI Congenital male female Neoplasms and cancer male female gonadal germ cell Other male female Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures male female Drugs benign prostatic hypertrophy erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation sexual dysfunction infection STDs hormones androgens estrogens progestogens GnRH prolactin Assisted reproduction Birth control hormonal

Anatomy of the endocrine system

Pituitary gland

Anterior	Pars intermedia Pars tuberalis Pars distalis Acidophil cell Somatotropic cell Prolactin cell Basophil cell Corticotropic cell Gonadotropic cell Thyrotropic cell Chromophobe cell
Posterior	Pars nervosa Median eminence Stalk Pituicyte Herring bodies

Parathyroid gland

Cortex	Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis
Medulla	Chromaffin cell

Islets of pancreas

Other

v t e Index of hormones
Description	Glands Hormones thyroid intermediates metabolism mineralocorticoids Physiology Development
Disease	Diabetes Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures Drugs calcium balance corticosteroids oral hypoglycemics pituitary and hypothalamic thyroid

Anatomy of the heart

General

Surface

Internal

atria interatrial septum pectinate muscles terminal sulcus ventricles interventricular septum trabeculae carneae chordae tendineae papillary muscle valves cusps atrioventricular septum
cardiac skeleton intervenous tubercle

Chambers

Right heart	(venae cavae, coronary sinus) → right atrium (atrial appendage, fossa ovalis, limbus of fossa ovalis, crista terminalis, valve of inferior vena cava, valve of coronary sinus) → tricuspid valve → right ventricle (infundibulum, moderator band/septomarginal trabecula) → pulmonary valve → (pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation)
Left heart	(pulmonary veins) → left atrium (atrial appendage) → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve (aortic sinus) → (aorta and systemic circulation)

Layers

Endocardium	heart valves
Myocardium	Conduction system cardiac pacemaker SA node AV node bundle of His bundle branches Purkinje fibers
Pericardial cavity	pericardial sinus
Pericardium	fibrous pericardium sternopericardial ligaments serous pericardium epicardium/visceral layer fold of left vena cava

Blood supply

Coronary circulation

v t e Index of the heart
Description	Anatomy Physiology Development
Disease	Injury Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs Blood tests
Treatment	Procedures Drugs glycosides other stimulants antiarrhythmics vasodilators

Arteries and veins

Vessels

Arteries	Nutrient artery Arteriole Metarteriole
Capillaries	Types Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal Precapillary sphincter Precapillary resistance
Veins	Vena comitans Superficial vein Deep vein Emissary veins Venous plexus Venule
Lymph	Lymphatic vessel Lymph Lymph capillary

Circulation

Systemic	Left heart → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → (Right heart)
Pulmonary	Right heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left heart

v t e Index of the circulatory system
Description	Anatomy Arteries head and neck arms chest abdomen legs Veins head and neck arms chest abdomen and pelvis legs Development Cells Physiology proteins
Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Lymphatic vessels Injury Vasculitis Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures Drugs beta blockers channel blockers diuretics nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives peripheral vasodilators renin–angiotensin system sympatholytic antihypertensives vasoprotectives

Organs of the lymphatic system

Bone marrow	Hematopoietic stem cell
Thymus	Cortex Medulla Hassall's corpuscles

Secondary organs

Spleen	structural: Hilum Trabeculae Diaphragmatic surface of spleen Visceral surface of spleen Red pulp Cords of Billroth Marginal zone White pulp Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths Germinal center blood flow: Trabecular arteries Trabecular veins
Tonsils	Palatine Lingual Pharyngeal Tubal Tonsillar crypts Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
Lymph nodes	lymph flow: Afferent lymph vessels Cortical sinuses Medullary sinuses Efferent lymph vessels T cells: High endothelial venules B cells: Primary follicle/Germinal center Mantle zone Marginal zone layers: Capsule/Trabeculae Subcapsular sinus Cortex Paracortex Medulla (Medullary cord) Hilum
MALT	GALT Peyer's patch Germinal center

v t e Index of the lymphatic system
Description	Anatomy organs vessels Physiology Development
Disease	Vessels Organs congenital neoplasms and cancer
Treatment	Procedures

Anatomy of the globe of the eye

Fibrous tunic (outer)

Sclera	Episcleral layer Schlemm's canal Trabecular meshwork
Cornea	Limbus layers Epithelium Bowman's Stroma Descemet's Endothelium

1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina

About this image

Uvea/vascular tunic (middle)

Choroid	Capillary lamina of choroid Bruch's membrane Sattler's layer
Ciliary body	Ciliary processes Ciliary muscle
Iris	Stroma Pupil Iris dilator muscle Iris sphincter muscle

Retina (inner)

Layers	Inner limiting membrane Nerve fiber layer Ganglion cell layer Inner plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane Layer of rods and cones Retinal pigment epithelium
Cells	Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell, Muller glia
Other	Macula Foveola Fovea centralis Parafovea Perifovea Optic disc Optic cup

Anterior segment

Posterior segment

Vitreous humour

Other

v t e Index of the eye
Description	Anatomy orbit neural pathways Physiology Phenomena appearance visual optical illusions proteins Development
Disease	Congenital Corneal dystrophy Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures Drugs infection glaucoma and miosis mydriatics vascular

The orbit of the eye

Bones

Lacrimal apparatus

Other

v t e Index of the eye
Description	Anatomy orbit neural pathways Physiology Phenomena appearance visual optical illusions proteins Development
Disease	Congenital Corneal dystrophy Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures Drugs infection glaucoma and miosis mydriatics vascular

Anatomy of hearing and balance

Tympanic cavity	Medial structures oval window round window secondary tympanic membrane prominence of facial canal promontory of tympanic cavity Posterior structures mastoid cells aditus to mastoid antrum pyramidal eminence
Ossicles	Malleus superior ligament lateral ligament anterior ligament Incus superior ligament posterior ligament Stapes annular ligament Muscles stapedius tensor tympani
Eustachian tube	Torus tubarius

Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth)

Auditory system/
Cochlear labyrinth

General cochlea	Vestibular duct Helicotrema Tympanic duct Modiolus Cochlear cupula
Perilymphatic space	Perilymph Cochlear aqueduct
Cochlear duct / scala media	Reissner's/vestibular membrane Basilar membrane Reticular membrane Endolymph Stria vascularis Spiral ligament Organ of Corti stereocilia tip links Tectorial membrane Sulcus spiralis externus internus Spiral limbus
Cells	Claudius cell Boettcher cell

Vestibular system/
Vestibular labyrinth

Vestibule	Utricle macula Saccule macula Kinocilium Otolith Vestibular aqueduct endolymphatic duct endolymphatic sac Canalis reuniens
Semicircular canals	Superior semicircular canal Posterior semicircular canal Horizontal semicircular canal Ampullary cupula Ampullae crista ampullaris

v t e Index of the ear
Description	Anatomy Physiology Development
Disease	Congenital Other motion sickness Symptoms and signs Tests
Treatment	Procedures Drugs

Skin and related structures

Epidermis	Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale
Basement membrane	Basal keratinocyte Lamina lucida Lamina densa
Dermis	Papillary Dermal papillae Reticular

Subcutaneous tissue

Root sheath	Outer root sheath Inner root sheath Henle's layer Huxley's layer
Hair shaft	Cuticle Cortex Medulla Bulb with matrix cells Hair follicle
Muscle	Arrector pili muscle
Pilosebaceous unit	Hair sebaceous gland

v t e Index of skin
Description	Anatomy Physiology connective tissue Development
Disease	Infections by morphology Vesiculobullous Dermatitis and eczema factitial Papulosquamous Urticaria and erythema Radiation-related Pigmentation Mucinoses Keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis Vasculitis Fat Neutrophilic and eosinophilic Congenital Neoplasms and cancer nevi and melanomas epidermis dermis Symptoms and signs Terminology
Treatment	Procedures Drugs antibiotics disinfectants emollients and protectives itch psoriasis other Wound and ulcer

v t e Index of skin appendages
Description	Anatomy Physiology Development
Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs
Treatment	Procedures Acne drugs

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