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Taiwan (Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān), officially the Republic of China (Chinese: 中華民國), is a region in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (known in the past as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the region, and New Taipei, which surrounds Taipei is the largest city by population.

The earliest evidence of Taiwan being inhabited is from the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch as Dutch Formosa in 1624 and the Spanish as Spanish Formosa in 1626. The Spanish were expelled from the island in 1644 by the Dutch. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.

The Republic of China was established in mainland China in 1912 and governed varying amounts of the mainland until 1949. At the end of World War II, Japan surrendered Taiwan and associated islands to ROC forces. When Communist forces took control of mainland China and founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, the ROC government moved to Taiwan. The ROC government still officially claims to represent all of China, in a definition including Taiwan, but has not made retaking the mainland a political goal since 1992.

Taiwanese (pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân-oē or Tâi-gí; Chinese: 台語, 台灣話; pinyin: Táiyǔ, Táiwānhuà) is a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwan's population. The sub-ethnic group in Taiwan for which Taiwanese is considered a native language is known as Hoklo (the correspondence between language and ethnicity is generally true though not absolute, as some Hoklo speak Taiwanese poorly while some non-Hoklo speak Taiwanese fluently). Pe̍h-oē-jī (POJ) is a popular orthography for this language, and Min Nan in general.

The view of the Alishan National Scenic Area from the peak of the mountain in Chiayi County.

Photo credit: User:Taiwantaffy

• ... that the Democratic Progressive Party nominated Hsu Tain-tsair (pictured) as the party's candidate for the 2001 Tainan mayoral race instead of George Chang, then-incumbent mayor of Tainan?

• ... that the National Taiwan Museum is the oldest museum in Taiwan and was established during the Japanese rule era?

• ... that the Sakizaya people, a Taiwanese aboriginal tribe, has been recognized by the government of Taiwan since January 2007?

• ... that the Cheng Kung Senior High School, previously known as the Taihoku Prefecture Second Middle School, is renamed after Koxinga?

• ... that Tsungming Tu, founder of the Kaohsiung Medical College, was the first Taiwanese medical doctor?

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• February 6: Magnitude 6.4 earthquake hits southern Taiwan
• February 7: Taipei plane crash toll reaches 40
• September 23: Tropical storm Fung-wong makes landfall in Eastern China
• July 8: Panda cub born in Taiwan to gifted Chinese pandas
• January 23: Philippines seeks United Nations arbitration on South China Sea claims
• November 21: Philippines to host four-country meeting about South China Sea disputes
• September 1: China leads medal race after day two of competition at London Paralympics

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Chai Trong-rong (Chinese: 蔡同榮; pinyin: Cài Tóngróng; Wade–Giles: Ts'ài T'úng-júng; born June 13, 1935), sometimes known in English as Trong Chai, is a Taiwanese politician. He is currently a member of the Legislative Yuan.

After his graduation from the National Tainan First Senior High School, Chai attended the National Taiwan University (NTU) studying political science. He later switched his major to laws and graduated from the NTU College of Law in 1958. He was then conscripted and served in the Republic of China (Taiwan) Army for sixteen months. In 1960, Chai went to the United States and studied at the University of Tennessee, where he earned his master's degree in political science. He actively participated in the independence movement of Taiwan.

Clockwise from top-left: a map of Taiwan in 1896, Taiwan and Fujian, an old map of Tainan, and a map in 1901

Categories ▼ Taiwan ► Taiwan-related lists ► Taiwanese culture ► Economy of Taiwan ► Events in Taiwan ► Geography of Taiwan ► Health in Taiwan ► History of Taiwan ► Taiwanese people ► Religion in Taiwan ► Taiwanese society ► Sport in Taiwan ► Taipei ► Tourism in Taiwan ► Tourist attractions in Taiwan ► Transportation in Taiwan

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