Cradle Will Rock

For the original 1937 musical, see The Cradle Will Rock. For the 1980 Van Halen hit, see And the Cradle Will Rock...

Cradle Will Rock
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Tim Robbins
Produced by	Tim Robbins
Written by	Tim Robbins
Starring	Hank Azaria Ruben Blades Joan Cusack John Cusack Cary Elwes Angus Macfadyen Bill Murray Vanessa Redgrave Susan Sarandon John Turturro Emily Watson
Music by	David Robbins
Cinematography	Jean Yves Escoffier
Edited by	Geraldine Peroni
Production company	Touchstone Pictures
Distributed by	Buena Vista Pictures
Release dates	December 10, 1999
Running time	132 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English Italian
Budget	$36 million
Box office	$2,986,932

Cradle Will Rock is a 1999 American historical drama film written, produced and directed by Tim Robbins. The story fictionalizes the true events that surrounded the development of the 1937 musical The Cradle Will Rock by Marc Blitzstein; it adapts history to create an account of the original production, bringing in other stories of the time to produce a social commentary on the role of art and power in the 1930s, particularly amidst the struggles of the labor movement at the time and the corresponding appeal of socialism and communism among many intellectuals, artists and working-class people in the same period.

The film is not based on Orson Welles's script The Cradle Will Rock, which was to be an autobiographical account of the play's production. It went into pre-production in 1983 with Rupert Everett on board to play Welles before the backers pulled out and the production collapsed. The film lost an estimated $33,000,000 dollars.

Plot

The film begins with a long tracking shot focusing on a destitute young woman named Olive Stanton (Emily Watson). She is sleeping illegally in a theater, being awakened and kicked out. The shot continues as she slowly walks down the street following the sound of the song Nickel Under My Foot. When she arrives at the source of the music, the camera pans up the side of the building and moves inside where we are introduced to the playwright Marc Blitzstein (Hank Azaria), who is attempting to write the songs and put together the musical The Cradle Will Rock. Acting as Blitzstein’s conscience/mentors are a vision of his deceased wife and, later, an imaginary Bertolt Brecht. Brecht was a radical playwright who stressed the importance of breaking down the wall between the audience and actors.

The film continues, providing a picture of life in the 1930s, a time when some people wait in endless unemployment lines attempting to get work while others enjoy their wealth, attending parties and purchasing expensive works of art. As the musical nears production, the WPA cuts the budget for the Federal Theatre Project (FTP) and puts a halt to all new productions. This announcement comes following the House Committee on Un-American Activities’ investigation of many of those involved in the FTP, and of the musical itself, due to its leftist themes concerning labor and union organization.

Despite being canceled, the director, Orson Welles (Angus Macfadyen), and producer, John Houseman (Cary Elwes), lead the cast to another theater that was secured at the last minute. The cast is forbidden to perform by their union, so Blitzstein takes the stage alone at an upright piano to perform the show himself. He is shortly joined by many of the other cast members, delivering their lines from the audience. This final triumphant moment of the theater is juxtaposed with images of the destruction of the mural Man at the Crossroads, commissioned by Nelson Rockefeller (John Cusack), because the artist Diego Rivera (Ruben Blades) refused to remove the image of Lenin's face from the piece.

In tying together stories of labor issues and steel strikes, censorship in painting and theater, and the disparities of wealth and power, a picture of the 1930s is presented, which goes beyond simply recounting past events and questions the boundaries between art, power and politics. Furthermore, the story attempts to link these issues to the present day through the final shot of the film. The camera follows a mock funeral procession for the FTP as it marches into Times Square, only to pan up from this scene to a shot of the high rises and neon billboards that stand there today.

Cast

• Hank Azaria as Marc Blitzstein
• Bob Balaban as Harry Hopkins
• Jack Black as Sid
• Ruben Blades as Diego Rivera
• Corina Katt Ayala as Frida Kahlo
• Victoria Clark as Dulce Fox
• Joan Cusack as Hazel Huffman
• John Cusack as Nelson Rockefeller
• Cary Elwes as John Houseman
• Kyle Gass as Larry
• Paul Giamatti as Carlo
• Philip Baker Hall as Gray Mathers
• Erin Hill as Sandra Mescal
• Barnard Hughes as Frank Marvel
• Cherry Jones as Hallie Flanagan
• Angus Macfadyen as Orson Welles
• Bill Murray as Tommy Crickshaw
• Allan F. Nicholls as George Zorn
• Vanessa Redgrave as Countess Constance LaGrange
• Gil Robbins as Congressman Joe Starnes
• Susan Sarandon as Margherita Sarfatti
• Jamey Sheridan as John Adair
• Barbara Sukowa as Sophie Silvano
• John Turturro as Aldo Silvano
• Emily Watson as Olive Stanton
• Harris Yulin as Congressman Martin Dies

Historical context and production

This film takes place in the 1930s during the Great Depression. The film takes some narrative license and presents certain events as simultaneous, when they really occurred at different times. Some examples of this are the addition and subsequent destruction of Rivera's Man at the Crossroads in the RCA Building (1933–34), the Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935), labor strikes against Little Steel (1937) and the Dies Committee’s assault on the Federal Theatre Project (1938) (Weales 2000).

In telling the story of The Cradle Will Rock—a leftist labor musical that was sponsored by the Federal Theatre Project (FTP) only to be banned after the WPA cut the project and diverted its funds elsewhere—Robbins is able to tie in issues such as labor unrest, repression by the House Committee on Un-American Activities, and the role and value of art in such a tumultuous time.

The film was released in conjunction with a book that Robbins put together to provide a deeper look into the film's time period. The book includes the film’s script, which is accompanied by essays and pictures describing the people, events, and themes that are the basis for the film.

The children's play Revolt of the Beavers by playwright/screenwriter Oscar Saul (who would later do the screenplay for A Streetcar Named Desire) was also featured in this film. It, too, was under scrutiny from the HUAC for promoting a communistic ideal of equal work and equal rewards. In the film it was valiantly defended by the head of the FTP, Hallie Flanagan (Cherry Jones), and the play ran for approximately one month at the Adelphi theater in New York.

Critical reaction

The film was met with mostly positive reviews. It currently has a rating of 65% on Rotten Tomatoes.

While the original production of The Cradle Will Rock was stated to be "The most exciting evening of theater this New York generation has seen" (MacLeish, Cole 2000), some critics did not feel the same about Robbins' reproduction of the event for film. Although it was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, among other festivals, and some have praised the film as an astute commentary on censorship and the lines between art and life (Cole 2000), others have criticized the piece for attempting to bring too many themes together into one story, and thus losing the power of the original context altogether (Alleva 2000; Weales 2000).

External links

• Cradle Will Rock at IMDb
• Cradle Will Rock at Rotten Tomatoes
• Cradle Will Rock at Box Office Mojo