Blaže Koneski

File:Blaže Koneski 1968.jpg

Blaže Koneski in 1968

Blaže Koneski (Macedonian: Блаже Конески) (December 19, 1921 – December 7, 1993) (born in Nebregovo, near Prilep, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, now Republic of Macedonia) was one of the most distinguished Macedonian poets, writers, literary translators, and linguistic scholars. His major contribution was to the codification of standard Macedonian.

Biography

Koneski was born into a distinguished family with pro-Serbian sentiments; and his maternal uncle was a famous Serbian Chetnik voivode Gligor Sokolović. He received a Royal Serbian scholarship to study in the Kragujevac gymnasium or high school. Later, he studied medicine at the University of Belgrade, and then changed to Serbian language and literature. In 1941, after the defeat of Yugoslavia in Aufmarsch 25, he enrolled in the Law Faculty of Sofia University, but did not graduate. However in 1945 at the age of 23 he became one of the most important contributor in standardization of the Macedonian language. He worked as a lector in the Macedonian National Theater, and in 1946, he joined the faculty at the Philosophy Department of the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, where he worked until his retirement.

He became a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1967, and was elected its president in 1967 through 1975. Koneski was also a member of the Zagreb (Croatia), Belgrade (Serbia), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Łódź (Poland) Academies of Sciences and Arts, and an honorary doctor of the Universities of Chicago, United States, and Kraków in Poland. The American Slavist Victor Friedman would mention Koneski as one of his mentors.

Blaže Koneski died in Skopje on December 7, 1993. He received a state funeral for his distinguished literary career, and for his contributions to the codification of standard Macedonian.

Literary works

Koneski wrote poetry and prose. His most famous collections of poetry are: Mostot, Pesni, Zemjata i ljubovta, Vezilka, Zapisi, Cesmite, Stari i novi pesni, Seizmograf, among others. His collection of short stories Vineyard Macedonian: Lozje is also famous.

Koneski was a distinguished translator of poetry from German, Russian, Slovenian, Serbian and Polish; he translated the works of Njegos, Preshern, Heine, Blok, Neruda, and others.

Awards and recognitions

Blaze Koneski won a number of literary prizes such as: the AVNOJ prize, the Njegoš prize, the Golden Wreath ("Zlaten Venec") of the Struga Poetry Evenings, the Award of the Writer’s Union of the USSR, Herder Prize and others.

The Faculty of Philology at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje is named after Blaze Koneski.

Work on standard Macedonian

Koneski is remembered for his work on codifying the Macedonian standard language. He is the author of On Standard Macedonian (Macedonian: За македонскиот литературен јазик), Grammar of Standard Macedonian (Macedonian: Граматика на македонскиот литературен јазик), History of Macedonian (Macedonian: Историја на македонскиот јазик), among other works.

He was one of the editors of Macedonian Dictionary (Macedonian: Речник на македонскиот јазик).

Criticism

Bulgarian linguists such as Iliya Talev, in his History of the Macedonian Language, have accused Koneski of plagiarizing Kiril Mirchev's Historical Grammar of the Bulgarian Language because both authors analyzed the same corpus of texts. In Bulgaria, he has also been accused of manipulating historical facts for political goals.

Historical revisionists in the Republic of Macedonia, who questioned the narrative established in Communist Yugoslavia, have described the process of codifying the Macedonian language, to which Koneski was an important contributor, as 'Serbianization'. Similarly, Venko Markovski openly accused Koneski of Serbianizing the Macedonian language.

Bibliography

Poetry and prose

• Land and Love (poetry, 1948)
• Poems (1953)
• The Embroideress (poetry, 1955)
• The Vineyard (short stories, 1955)
• Poems (1963)
• Sterna (poetry, 1966), Hand - Shaking (narrative poem, 1969)
• Notes (poetry, 1974)
• Poems Old and New (poetry, 1979)
• Places and Moments (poetry, 1981)
• The Fountains (poetry, 1984)
• The Epistle (poetry, 1987)
• Meeting in Heaven (poetry, 1988)
• The Church (poetry 1988)
• A Diary after Many Years (prose, 1988)
• Golden Peak (poetry, 1989)
• Seismograph (poetry, 1989)
• The Heavenly River (poems and translations, 1991)
• The Black Ram (poetry, 1993)

Academic and other works

• Normative Guide with a Dictionary of Standard Macedonian with Krum Tošev (1950)
• Grammar of Standard Macedonian (volume 1, 1952)
• Standard Macedonian (1959)
• A Grammar of Standard Macedonian (volume 2, 1954)
• Macedonian Dictionary (1961)
• A History of Macedonian (1965)
• Macedonian Dictionary (volume 2, edited, 1965)
• Macedonian Dictionary (volume 3, 1966)
• The Language of the Macedonian Folk Poetry (1971)
• Speeches and Essays (1972)
• Macedonian Textbooks of 19th Century: Linguistic, Literary, Historical Texts (1986)
• Images and Themes (essays, 1987)
• The Tikveš Anthology (study, 1987)
• Poetry (Konstantin Miladinov), the Way Blaze Koneski Reads It (1989)
• Macedonian Locations and Topics (essays, 1991)
• The World of the Legend and the Song (essays, 1993)