File:Ancient Roman time keeping hora vigilia duration.gif
Summary
Distribution of horae and vigiliae for the year <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini" class="extiw" title="en:Anno Domini">AD</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8" class="extiw" title="en:8">8</a> - GIF animation.
The surise and sunset times for this diagram are calculated for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Romanum" class="extiw" title="en:Forum Romanum">Forum Romanum</a> <a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=File:Ancient_Roman_time_keeping_hora_vigilia_duration.gif¶ms=41.892426_N_12.485167_E_dim:50km_region:IT_type:city">41°53′33″N 12°29′07″E / 41.892426°N 12.485167°E</a> AD 8 (the Julian calendar). Sunrise and sunset times are used as boundaries of day and night. Many sources however are ambiguous because of confusing terms sunrise with dusk and sunset with dawn. This is important, because times of dusk and dawn differ significantly from times of sunrise and sunset. The semidiameter of the sun and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_refraction" class="extiw" title="en:Atmospheric refraction">atmospheric refraction</a> are taken into account. Equinoxes and solstices are computed too, not set by Romans.
Sunrise and sunset times were calculated using algorithms from:
Jean Meeus, Astronomical algorithms, Second English Edition, Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, 1998, With corrections as of August 10, 2009, <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0943396611" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-943396-61-1</a>.
There is an online calculator also based on Astronomical Algorithms, by Jean Meeus, computing sunrise and sunset times, sun azimuths and elevations:
<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/">http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/</a> NOAA Solar Calculator
(Gregorian calendar)
however calculations for this image are based directly on this Meeus's book.
Licensing
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File history
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 21:33, 5 January 2017 | | 400 × 418 (599 KB) | 127.0.0.1 (talk) | Distribution of <i>horae</i> and <i>vigiliae</i> for the year <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini" class="extiw" title="en:Anno Domini">AD</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8" class="extiw" title="en:8">8</a> - GIF animation.<br><p>The surise and sunset times for this diagram are calculated for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Romanum" class="extiw" title="en:Forum Romanum">Forum Romanum</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=File:Ancient_Roman_time_keeping_hora_vigilia_duration.gif¶ms=41.892426_N_12.485167_E_dim:50km_region:IT_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°53′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°29′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.892426°N 12.485167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.892426; 12.485167</span></span></span></a></span> AD 8 (the Julian calendar). Sunrise and sunset times are used as boundaries of day and night. Many sources however are ambiguous because of confusing terms sunrise with dusk and sunset with dawn. This is important, because times of dusk and dawn differ significantly from times of sunrise and sunset. The semidiameter of the sun and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_refraction" class="extiw" title="en:Atmospheric refraction">atmospheric refraction</a> are taken into account. Equinoxes and solstices are computed too, not set by Romans.<br><br> Sunrise and sunset times were calculated using algorithms from:<br> Jean Meeus, Astronomical algorithms, Second English Edition, Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, 1998, With corrections as of August 10, 2009, <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0943396611" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-943396-61-1</a>.<br> There is an online calculator also based on Astronomical Algorithms, by Jean Meeus, computing sunrise and sunset times, sun azimuths and elevations:<br><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/">http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/</a> NOAA Solar Calculator<br> (Gregorian calendar)<br></p> however calculations for this image are based directly on this Meeus's book. |
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